Rio de Janeiro is a Mégapole located in the south-east of the Brésil. It is also the capital of the State of Rio de Janeiro. With its 6,1 million intramural inhabitants (commonly called the Carioca S ) and 11,35 million in the urban surface, Rio de Janeiro is the second more big city of the country behind São Paulo (economic capital). It is universally known for its carnival, its beaches (Copacabana and Ipanema) like its statue '' Cristo Redentor '' (“Christ Redeemer”) at the top of the Corcovado. Old capital Brazil ienne, it became a tourist center and Culture L par excellence.

History

Before the 16th century

The Amerindians were the first inhabitants of Bay of Guanabara. Do the Tamoyos tribe lived around this place highly prolifique.
the navigators of the Old world voluntarily have or by drift this place reaches? The answer is not simple and requires to be supported.

At the beginning of the 19th century one interpreted the rock at the top of the mountain Pedra da Gavea girdling and dominating the town of Rio de Janeiro as an immense sculpture representing a face of the European type wearing a long beard. Other elements of this rock head visible with tens of kilometers to the round would have been updated. Thereafter, one claimed to have discovered inscriptions phenicians on cliff overhanging this sculpture: Badezir, Phénicien de Tyr, Oldest son of JethBaal. A king phenician of the name of Badezir or Badezor, more known under his name phenician of Baal-Ezer II oldest son of king de Tyr Eth Baal or Ithobaal Ier reigned indeed on the town of Tyr towards 850 before the common era. Others allegedly discovered phenicians were advanced with Brazil, but them " authenticity forever been able to be démontrée". The initial origin of these archaeological falsifications is to be sought in the particular climate of the court of Pedro II emperor " well-read man particularly impassioned of languages sémitiques" in one moment when the studies phenicians developed considerably in Europe.

The River of January (1502-1555)

The current site of the town of Rio de Janeiro was discovered on January 1st 1502 by an Italian explorer with the service of Portugal Amerigo Vespucci. The name of the city was the result of an error made by Vespucci itself. Being in January and thinking of discovering the mouth of a river or a river, the explorer baptized the site of bay of Guanabara Rio de Janeiro (“River of January” in French).

At that time, the site was inhabited by Indians Tamoyos who started soon to establish a barter trade with the Européens. Thanks to the profusion of trees “ember color”, “Pau Brasil” or “brazed” (the Brazil in French), an important trade developed. The relations between Indians and Portuguese were not however always peaceful. Certain tribes often organized anthropophagic rites . Moreover, the Indians also traded with the French and the Dutch which carried colonial aimings to the Brésil.

Competitions and economic advancement (1555-1763)

During the 16th century, frequent attacks conducted by the pirates and the corsairs French devastated part of the area. In 1555, the Admiral Villegagnon having received the command of the fleet availability of Gaspard de Coligny by Henri II to install a Protestant colony with the Brazil where the Protestant French could exert their religion freely. Villegagnon built the Fort-Coligny and settled on an island, in bay of Guanabara, which it called the France the Antarctic. Nowadays, this island, where the building of the School of the Brazilian Navy is located, is still called “ ilha of Vileganhon ”. However, Portuguese wants to prevent at all costs unspecified foreign establishment on its territory. The Portuguese king sent a knight, Mem de Sá, in order to expatrier the French. He destroys the Fort-Coligny and French is dispersed in Guanabara - but still remained with the area. Only in 1565, after two years of fights between the fleets of the two countries, Estácio de Sá, a nephew of Mem, founded the city such as one knows it today. French will remain with the area of Rio de Janeiro up to 1572, when the last combat in Cabo Frio placed.

Victory of the knight Portuguese Estácio de Sá, March 1st 1565 mark the foundation of the town of “São Sebastião C Rio de Janeiro” (Holy Sebastien of the river of January) in the honor of the king Sebastien 1 {{er}} of Portugal and of the saint celebrated the day of his birth. Saint Sebastien who remains the owner of the city is celebrated each year.

Towards the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese crown treated the village like a strategic position for the Atlantic transit of the ships between the Brésil, the African colonies and the Europe. Several fortresses were built and an alliance was agreed with the indigenous tribes to defend the colonies invasions. One founded, for example, in the vicinity of Rio, Niterói, in order to take care of the defense of the city. The quays of Rio and the Morro C Castello ( hill of the castle , in French), whose Château imitated the Château X strengthened medieval, formed first great defenses of the city. Rio de Janeiro was really threatened by the many invasions of the flibustiers French and Dutch.

The city made its great strides during the 18th century with the discovery of Or and Diamant S in the area close to the Minas Gerais towards 1700, becoming a more useful harbor site for the export of the richnesses than Bahia of El Salvador. It is thus for logistic reasons that the colonial administration Portuguese in America is established in 1763 in Rio which became the Capitale Brésil in the place of El Salvador da Bahia.

A European capital (1763-1821)

The city remained a colonial Capitale until in 1808. Because of the invasion of the troops of Napoleon to the Portugal, the royal family Portuguese (the king Jean VI, the queen Marie I and their son Pierre) and the majority of noble of Lisbon fled with the Brésil and settled in Rio de Janeiro. The Capitale of the kingdom Portuguese was thus transferred from Lisbon in Rio de Janeiro, which became thus single the European Capitale located outside the continent of the History. The physical lack of space and urban structure, allowing the hundreds of noble Portuguese suddenly made to place itself, was filled at the beginning by the reference of the inhabitants of their own housing. Although they turned over to the Portugal in 1821, the time spent to the Brésil opened the commercial ports at the British market and raised the Brésil with the statute of United Kingdom to the crown of the Portugal.

The capital of the Empire of Brazil (1822-1888)

The September 7th 1822, the prince regent Pierre Ier (who will become later Pierre IV of Portugal) proclaimed the Indépendance Empire of the Brésil and kept Rio de Janeiro like Capitale. The crown remaining between the hands of the royal house of the Bragança, this event held more of the division into two of the empire Portuguese that of a true independent movement as one could see some in South America at the same time. The Monarchy, being pressed on the people to counterbalance the rich person latifundiaires Brazil iens, became constitutional in 1824. In 1831, under the pressure of the elites owners, the Empereur Pierre Ier abdicates in favor of his/her son, then five years old. Pierre II urged as of the years 1850 to fight against the Esclavage, of which it prohibits the importation. The culture of the coffee became extensive and increased the importance of the landowners, in particular those of São Paulo. Under its reign, Rio benefitted from major developments as regards gas, plumbing, hydroelectric stoppings, telephone and telegraph. Continuing to fight against the Esclavagisme, the Empire proclaimed in 1871 that the children of slaves would be from now on free with the birth. The Esclavage Brésil IEN was thus condemned in the long run. However, the law known as “Áurea” (gold law) of 1888 of the Princess Isabelle, the girl of Pierre II, abolishing completely the Slavery with the Brazil, raised the resistance of the owners who engaged then in an armed struggle to reverse the mode. The release of the slaves involved an important migration from the campaigns towards the cities. The first Favela ( shantytown in French) of Rio was built on the heights of the Morro da Providencia (hill of providence). Its inhabitants were for the majority of the black soldiers who had fought for their freedom with Salvador de Bahia and which tried to benefit from opportunities that Rio offered.

Capital of the Brazilian Republic (1889-1960)

The landowners reverse the emperor Pierre II and his empire in 1889. After this coup d'etat, the Republic, under the presidency of the Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, was with the hands of the leading classes holding the capacity economic and which refused the organization of free elections and maintained by the force their political influence. They kept Rio de Janeiro like Capitale. This republic which will perdura of 1889 with 1930, is commonly called République “Coffee COM leite” ( Café with milk in French) since it was based on industries coffee machines of São Paulo and dairy-bovine of the Minas Gerais, end of the Esclavage having involved a reduction in the capacity of the sugar industry of the North-East to the profit of industry coffee machine of South-east and State de São Paulo. Moreover this one monopolized the oligarchical central capacity, carried out by large the propritétaires, in which the growing middle-class pushed with the change. In 1917, the Brésil was combined with the powers Triple Entente at the time of the First World War. The increase in trade allowed the enlarging of a middle-class but which remained subjected to oligarchy coffee machine, but being opposed to it on the social questions and policies. The economic revival according to war did not last a long time with the Brésil. The Economic crisis burst in 1922 and of the popular Grève S took place in 1924 as well as demonstrations in the town of Rio. The Republic Coffee with milk answered by the establishment of the martial Loi. The crisis of 1929, ruining its exterior markets, devastated the country and sowed discredit upon oligarchy owner and its government.

The Republic was reversed by the coup d'etat of the October 4th 1930 which established Getúlio Vargas as a president of the new Republic Brésil ienne as of 1934. This event allowed the rise of the middle-class. Vargas establishes a State and strong executive, more centralized, engaged the country in the universal right to vote, the vote of the women, and the vote with secret bulletin. It became Dictateur in 1937 and, after having supported the powers of the Axe during the Second world war, Brazil will yield to the pressure of the United States and will engage with dimensions allies by sending a Task force lasting the reconquest of Italy (Bataille of the mount Cassin). It gave up the capacity in 1945. However, several leaders Nazis found refuges with the Brésil, and in the town of Rio more precisely, in order to avoid the Procès of Nuremberg. Vargas managed to return to the capacity of 1951 to 1954. Shown, discredited and driven back, it committed suicide in Rio de Janeiro.

Kubitschek and the project Brasilia (1955 at our days)

In 1955, Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president of the Brésil. One of its electoral promises were to build a news Capitale, project which had been proposed many times but which had been rejected always. It thus launched the project of Brasilia as Capitale that it wanted to be a modern window of the destiny of the Brésil. Kubitschek made build this new city but its cost was enormous. The April 21st 1960, the Capitale of the Brésil was officially transferred from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia. In 1960, the town of Rio became the capital of the State de Guanabara. However, for at the same time administrative and political reasons, an order in Council of Ernesto Geisel, known under the name of “fusão” ( fusion in French), replaced the federative statute of the city and into the State of Rio de Janeiro in 1975 integrated it. Still today, some Carioca S claim a return to municipal autonomy. During the period when it was the Capitale of the Brazilian federation, Rio de Janeiro attracted tourists, immigrants, workers as well as many business men and diplomats. Even if it nowadays lost its place of economic material pionnière, Rio thus remains the Capitale Culture lle of the Brésil.

Geography

Districts

  • Center : Central, Catumbi, Praça da Bandeira, Estácio, Praça Fifteen, Santo Cristo, Gamboa, Saúde, Rio Comprido, Cidade Nova, Praça Mauá

  • Southern Zone : Arpoador, Bairro Peixoto, Bairro de Fatima, Botafogo, Catete, Copacabana, Cosme Velho, Flamengo, Gávea, Glória, Humaitá, Ipanema, Jardim Botânico, Lagoa, Laranjeiras, Leblon, Lemma, Rocinha, São Conrado, Santa Teresa, Urca, Vidigal

  • Northern Zone : Abolição, Acari, Água Santa, Viola da Boa Vista, Anchieta, Andaraí, Barros Filho, Bento Ribeiro, Cachambi, Campinho, Cascadura, Cavalcante, Coelho Neto, Cordovil, Costa Barros, Encantado, Engenheiro Leal, Engenho de Dentro, Engenho Novo, Fundão, Grajaú, Guadalupe, Honório Gurgel, Irajá, Colégio, Jacaré, Jacarezinho, Jardim América, Flaxes of Vasconcelos, Madureira, Mangueira, Maracanã, Méier, Oswaldo Cruz, Paraded of Lucas, Pavuna, Piedade, Pilares, Praça Seca, Quintino Bocaiúva, Riachuelo, Ricardo de Albuquerque, Rocha, Rocha Miranda, Sampaio, São Francisco Xavier, Tijuca, Todos bone Santos, Turiaçu, Vaz Lobo, Vicente de Carvalho, Vigário Geral, Villa da Penha, Isabel Villa, Vista Alegre, Vasco da Gama

  • Western Zone : Bangu, Barred of Guaratiba, Barra da Tijuca, Camorim, Campo Grande, Cosmos, Curicica, Deodoro, Freguesia, Gericinó, Grumari, Guaratiba, Inhoaíba, Itanhangá, Jacarepaguá, Joá, Magalhães Bastos, Marechal Hermes, Paciência, Padre Miguel, Pedra de Guaratiba, Realengo, Recreio back Bandeirantes, Santa Cruz, Santíssimo, Senador Camará, Sepetiba, Sulacap, Taquara, Vargem Grande, Vargem Pequena, Vila Militar, Vila Valqueire, Vila Kosmos

Population

Rio is more the big city of the Brésil after São Paulo. It is the Capitale of the State of Rio de Janeiro which is located in the south-east of the country. The coordinates of the town of Rio de Janeiro are 22° 54 ' S and 48° 14 ' O. the population of the town of Rio includes/understands approximately: 6100000 inhabitants (according to the figures of 2005) occupying a ground of: 1256 km ². The metropolitan region of Rio is estimated between 10 and 12 million people.

Référence: www.citypopulation.de

As in the remainder of the Brazil, the various ethnos groups composing the company Brésilienne are classified according to a precise coding:

  • White,
  • Black,
  • Indigenous,
  • Asian,
  • Pardos or mulatos (white interbreeding and black),
  • Caboclo or Mameluco (white interbreeding and Indian),
  • Cafuzo (Indian interbreeding and black).
Although the majority of the Carioca S are of Portuguese descent or African, several waves of Immigration contributed to constitute the population of the old capital of the Brésil. Thus, of the communities Italy, Lebanon eases, German, Spanish, Jews or Japan eases coexist in the various districts of the ville.
Officially, the Racisme is non-existent with the Brésil, and this more especially as this practice is rigorously prohibited. Indeed, the Constitution prohibited and condemns the racial Discrimination in all its forms. The article of the Constitution of 1988 specifies that Brazil “constitutes a democratic State of right has as bases the human dignity”. Moreover, article 5 of the Constitution even specifies that the practice of the Racisme constitutes an infringement for which it will not be authorized any release in bond and will involve a sorrow of reclusion. Unfortunately, the racial stereotypes are currency with the Brésil and a hierarchical order between the skin colors seems established between Blancs, Noirs, Indigènes and Pardos, the Blacks being regarded as “lower” than any other race and the White being perceived like “superiors” with any other race. The racial Discrimination always formally is certainly not shown, but the racial inequalities remain, particularly at the expense of the Brazilian Negroes.

Ground

The major part of the city belongs to a geological structure called the “Brazilian crystal”. The many rocks and granites, forming the base of this crystal, are oldest of the territory Brésil IEN. This structure underwent several tectonic upheavals which resulted in hills, mountains and valleys which characterize the coast of Rio. The “Pão of açucar” (the Sugar loaf) and the “Corcovado” (hill of the Corcovado) are good examples of the result of these tectonic movements. Indeed, the State of Rio de Janeiro entire proposes a landscape of mountains and depressions.

The State of Rio de Janeiro can be divided into three great geographical units: coastal low-grounds (often called Baixada Fluminense), coastal rises and high-grounds. Baixada is located all along the coast, proposing a broad morphological diversity (mountains, beaches, dunes, lagoons, etc) and three bays (Guanabara, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande). Coastal rises are formed since Cabo Frio and finish in bay of Guanabara. Hills isolated or groups from mountains can reach between 200 meters and 500 meters of altitude. The high-grounds are the result of the eruption of many assembly lines surrounding the town of Rio. These chains, which can reach: 1000 meters of altitude, separate São Paulo from Rio (Tightened C Mar) or Rio of Minas (da Mantiqueira Tightened).

Climate

The town of Rio is located in the tropical zone. Indeed, the Tropic of Capricorn is located only with a few degrees in the south of Rio. The climate is thus tropical there with certain local changes due to altitude. The average annual temperature is of 24°C and precipitations are of approximately: 12000 mm per annum. The city being located in the southern hemisphere, the hard summer season of December to March and is wetter than the winter season which, it, hard of June to September.

Vegetation

The tropical forests recover more than 90% of the territory of Rio. A great proportion of this territory was devastated by the Urbanisation and the plantations (Café, Sucre). The rare preserved sites of any human trace are in general on the peaks of the assembly lines. The town of Rio also enjoys the largest urban forest to the Brésil. The “Floresta da Tijuca”, a vestige of the Atlantic forest was preserved inside even city. The most important river of Rio is the “Paraíba C Sul” which comes from São Paulo and which marks the border between the State of Rio de Janeiro and that of the Minas Gerais.

Economy

Even if its economic weight does not exceed that of São Paulo, the town of Rio remains the second economic city in importance of the Brésil. She collaborates for a little more than 10% of the GDP Brésil IEN. She thus represents the engine of the economy of the State of Rio de Janeiro from which she is the Capitale. Enjoying a great tourist potential, the city also has powerful industrial parks. It is also with a few kilometers of the city that the greatest oil reserves concentrate of the country. Moreover, the city specialized in the Métallurgie, the Sidérurgie, the Mécanique, the Chimie, the Agroalimentaire, the Papier, the mineral Extraction and the Naval construction. But in fact really the tourists activities (the city is the first destination in South America), banking and audio-visual (third world producer after the the United States and the Japan in the field of the televisual ) are the spearhead of the economy carioca.

Industry

The majority of the industrial activities of the State of Rio concentrate in the Sidérurgie (Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional - at the town of Volta Redonda), the Métallurgie (Álcalis - at the town of Arraial C Cabo), the Raffinage of oil (refinery in Duque de Caxias or that of Petrobrás) as well as the Automobile (factories of Volkswagen, at the town of Resende and of the group PSA, at the town of Oporto Real). In addition to its large companies, established on the territory of the Carioca S, other companies of less importance, but essential with the development of the región were established in Rio. Thus, the pharmaceutical companies , of the Transport S, press S and Printing works S (Globo), of the Cement, Glass or of Textile are most competitive not only in the area but also with the national scales.

Agriculture

Nowadays, the Agriculture is an activity little developed in Rio, as well in terms of quantity as in terms of values of production. The agricultural phenomenon of modernization as from the years 1970 in the country modified the need for the development of the primary economy. However, the agricultural main activity is the culture of the Canne to sugar, in the North of the State of Rio, the town of Campos. The culture of the Tomato, of the Rice, the Broad bean, the Corn, the Potato, the orange and the Banane also contributes to the local economy. For strategic reasons, the town of Rio seems to have put on the development of the Tourisme and secondary industries.

Oil

The principal extracted mineral products are the sea salts, the Calcaire and the Marbre. In 1974, Pétrole was discovered on the littoral and in deep water with broad of the Baie of Guanabara. Important installations of oil platforms offshore oil rig were arranged then in the area. Today, the great metropolitan region Carioca is the most productive area as regards oil with the country, accounting for thus approximately 65% of the national production of Pétrole exploited by the Petrobras national company. With its: 52600m ³ and its techniques of in-depth drilling holding of the records (nearly 2 km), its capacity of more than: 330000 barrels per day, this site is most competitive of the country.

Tourist sites

Sugar loaf ( O Pão de Açúcar )

The Sugar loaf is a rock peak of 395 meters to the so singular form which was always the symbol of Rio. The Indians called formerly it Pau-Nd-Acuqua, which means “high pointed and isolated headland”. For the Portuguese that sounded like pão açúcar , and the peak itself pointed out to them the shape of these clay moulds used to make sugar loafs. The Portuguese name remained. In the west, one can discover panoramas of any beauty, where the beaches extend from Lemma, Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon, bordered by the mountains. With your feet, you will see the districts of Botafogo and Flamengo with the Corcovado surmounted of Christ Redeemer. Whatever the hour, the sight since the Sugar loaf is splendid.

Corcovado

Famous the Statue of Christ Redeemer ( O cristo redentor ), arm in cross, is drawn up on the peak of the Corcovado height a 710 meters and which one can see of all the districts of Rio. The statue is 38 meters high. Work, going back to 1931, is due to the collaboration of the French sculptor Paul Landowski and of the Brazilian architect Silva Costa. Around the Corcovado extends the splendid forest from Tijuca which advances almost to the heart even of the city.

Copacabana and Ipanema

Copacabana, with its 4 km length which follows a perfect curve remains certainly the preferred beach from abroad. It is in the Années 1920 that it acquired its notoriety, with construction, in 1923 of the prestigious Copacabana Palace, the only luxury hotel of all the Latin America at the time. In summer, its population amounts per hundred thousands. The salesmen of drinks, solar lotions, hats, sandals and kites survey the beach with length of day.

The beach of Ipanema is in the residential district more sélect of the city. Today, Ipanema is the center of the mode and the sophistication. The most luxurious shops of Rio border the streets of Ipanema and Leblon. The beach of Ipanema, less wide than that of Copacabana, is the place of appointment of the young jet set of Rio (Item 9) and of the homosexual community. Less animated and less noisy than Copacabana, Ipanema is undoubtedly most romantic of the twenty-five beaches which Rio account.

To the south of Ipanema, extend from more isolated beaches and thus better preserved than the others. São Conrado is located at it in a encircled handle of all shares by mountains covered with a dense vegetation. They is there that rises the Morro da Gávea , an enormous block of granite much more impressive by its form and its size, with its 842 meters that celebrates it Sugar loaf. The beach enjoys a certain popularity among the youth of Rio, the young people of the Favela S and the intellectuals finding itself there on a territory where the police force never comes. With its eighteen kilometers length, the beach of Barra da Tijuca at the same time longest, but also is attended of Rio during the week. At the end of Barred , the small beach of Recreio back Bandeirantes stretches itself safe from a natural pier which forms true a miniature bay. Of Recreio , a road climbs in the mountain before going down again towards the beach of Prainha , attended by the Surfeur S, then that of ''Grumari , marvelously isolated.

Bay of Guanabara ( Baia de Guanabara )

The bay of Guanabara remains a true pleasure for the eye with its two forts of the XVIIe and 19th centuries which keep the entry of it. It is easy to cross bay of Guanabara to go in Niterói or in the islands, from where one discovers a splendid sight of the town of Rio and luxuriant mountains which crimp it. The most interesting stage is the Ilha de Paquetá, largest of the 84 islands of bay.

Pedra da Gavea ( the mountain with the enigmatic face )

The mountain of Pedra da Gavea culminates with nearly 900 meters of altitude. It overhangs the long sand beaches end. One reaches it after the Botanical garden of Rio de Janeiro. One practices there air sports such as the parapente since the top dénudé.
Pedra da gavea is famous for the particular shape of its cliff which represents an immense head carved with very the rock. This face with the features characteristic of a bearded European carrying a cap, is visible with tens of kilometers to the round. Cariocas tell many legends on this ancestor phenician whom they affectionnent with tenderness. Inscriptions in characters phenicians engraved with the cliff of cliff indicate the following sentence: “ Badezir phenician of Tyr, oldest son of JethBaal ” ( a king phenician of bearing Tyr this name Badezir or badezor or Baal-Ezer II as a phenician, reigned towards 850 before J. - C. ). His/her father was also king de Tyr under the name of JethBaal or EthBaal or Ithobaal Ier.
The archaeological excavations revealed caves in the mountain of Pedra da Gavea in which tombs are that some imagine to be phenicians.

Santa Teresa

The district of Santa Teresa, with the paved and tortuous lanes, with its spectacular sights on bay, is certainly one of most picturesque of Rio. The most attractive manner to reach it is to take celebrates it plug elétrico (Tramway S) built in 1896. Santa Teresa offers many points of view of any beauty. With the second stopping of the tram, for example, one will discover a splendid panorama on bay of Guanabara.

Hill of Urca ( O morro da Urca )

This mountainous small formation of 220 meters altitude is at the entry of the Baie of Guanabara. One can admire there old forts and colonial establishments of the XVIe and 17th century, become of the museums. The hill also offers a formidable sight on Bay of Guanabara and proposes a cable car which makes it possible to go until the Sugar loaf.

Forest of Tijuca ( Floresta da Tijuca )

The largest urban forest of the world, with a surface of approximately: 3200 hectares, gathers hundreds of species of fauna and flora which one does not find that in “Mata Atlantica” and of which several are in the process of disappearance. Located in the heart of the city, at a few minutes of the majority of the districts of Rio, its many historic sites deserve a visit: the cascatinha (small cascade), the Mayrink vault, the Excelsior Watchtower, Baracão, the cave Paulo and Virginia, the lake of the fairies and the pond of lonelinesses.

The Botanical garden ( O Jardim botânico )

Each of the 141 hectares of the Botanical garden point of disjunction of the specimens of the Brazilian and world flora. The Imperial Palm trees, principal attraction of the garden, were sown under the orders of the prince regent Joâo VI in 1809. Secular trees mix with Orchidée S, Vitoria S, Broméliacée S, blazing and with an exuberant tropical vegetation with more: 235000 plants and: 5000 species of trees. It is naturally that it became L `place preferred of in love one.

The sambodrome Marks of Sapucaí (" O sambódromo Marks of Sapucaí")

The Sambodrome, bordered of concrete steps, was built in 1984 to accommodate the prestigious Carnaval of Rio, which took place before in the streets of the city, generally on the avenue President Vargas. Drawn by the architect Oscar Niemeyer, Avenida Marks of Sapucaí, usually opened with circulation, transforms itself for a few days into the " passarela C samba" and sees ravelling the most prestigious schools of samba of Rio de Janeiro.

Metropolitan cathedral

The metropolitan cathedral of Rio is located in the center of the city, in the district of Lapa. In this district passes also the bondinho , small tram and the Arcos da Lapa .

Beaches of Rio

  • Ramos
  • Flamengo (1km)
  • Botafogo (800m)
  • Urca (100m)
  • Drilled (100m)
  • Dentro (170)
  • Vermelha
  • Leme
  • Copacabana (5 km)
  • Forte
  • Diabo
  • Arpoador (500m)
  • Ipanema (2,2km)
  • Leblon (1,3km)
  • Vidigal (600)
  • sao corrado
  • Barra da Tijuca (18km)
  • Joao
  • Recreio back Bandeirantes
  • Prainha
  • Grumari (2,4km)
  • Pedra de Guaratiba
  • Barred of Guaratiba (military base)
  • Sepetiba

Favela S

More than 10% of the population Carioca saw in shantytowns , called Favela S with the Brésil. The favelas push at an intensive pace. Their habitat, adapted to the escarpées slopes of the hills, is a material amalgam of fortune recovered on the garbage dumps. Their chaotic appearance however hides a precise and very hierarchical organization space, rules and uses. City in the city, the favella makes fear with which does not live it. These shantytowns gather the poorest population mainly made up of new arrivals, unemployed person families or of the marginal ones. Of the 680 favelas of Rio, Gave Marta, Ladeira back Tabajaras, Santa Marta, Mangueira, Morro C Borel, Cidade de Deus, Vidigal, Rocinha and of course Bento Ribeiro is most known. They are the point of fall of all those which do not have access to the social housing. Often concentrated on sloping hills, they are made constructions out of light materials which support the ones with the others, and which the population progressively raises of the needs. This situation generates many accidents, the majority making following strong precipitations which mine the foundations and make slip whole blocks of houses. The favelas are also the theater of violences, often due to the traffic of Drogue and wars of gangs. However the situations between favelas are very unequal and for a few years, the municipality has carried out an important work of “development”, while building “into hard”, while bringing water, electricity and the telephone.

Transport

Urban displacements are mainly made in the car, Taxi and bus. The city is equipped with two lines of Métro adding up 38 km as well as a network of urban train, SuperVia , with a network of more than 264 km. It is served by the international airports Santos-Dumont and Galeão having daily connections with the large world capitals as well as the important airlift between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo and the many interior flights (Brasilia, Belo Horizonte, Manaus, Salvador de Bahia, Porto Alegre). In Rio de Janeiro, the Ferryboat is one of the means of transport most used by the inhabitants.

Airports

  • Jacarepaguá
  • Santos Dumont
  • Antonio Carlos Jobim (International)

Railway stations

  • Dom Pedro II
  • Da Leopoldina

Slow train

  • Onibus Municipais
  • Onibus COM Ar Condicionado
  • Onibus Rio-Orla
  • City Turn (Line blue, orange and lilac)

Subway

The Métro of Rio was opened to the public in 1979. Its two lines which serve 33 stations add up 38 kilometers, of which ten kilometers are not underground. Many people consider that the infrastructures of this subway are inadequate for such a great metropolitan region of more than 10 million inhabitants. Today, a development project of the subway by the construction of five new lines is being studied.

  • Line 1 (Cantagalo - Saens Peña)

  • Line 2 (Estácio - Pavuna)

Maritime transport

  • CONERJ (Companhia de Navegação C Estado C Rio de Janeiro)
  • Transtur
  • Ferryboat

Sports

Football

The most important clubs of Football of Rio de Janeiro are:

Pan-American plays

The city accommodates the Pan-American Jeux of 2007. The city thus has undergoes great work for the construction of the Olympic village. After the competition, it would be possible that the residences of the athletes are allotted to the underprivileged populations. The sports complex of Rio de Janeiro clearly has thus been improved for four years. The building site is very however often criticized because of the delay of work.

For more information to see the official site of the competition: http://www.rio2007.org.br/

Cariocas famous

The Carioca S, residents or natives of the town of Rio de Janeiro, took an active part in the development of the Histoire, the Culture, the Musique, the Littérature, the education, the Science or the Technologie of the Brésil. A panoply of cultural and scientific innovations, especially at the time where the city was the federal capital Brésil ienne, were possible thanks to the contribution of these Carioca S:

Criminality

Rio is one of the most violent cities of the world with a rate of Homicide S of 50 per 100.000. Enter at the beginning of January and semi April 2007, the authorities listed a thousand of violent deaths.

Others

Saint Sebastien is the patron saint of Rio de Janeiro.

Gallery

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