Ridge-Finch

See also: Finch (homonymy)

The Ridge-Finch is one of the flat-topped outliers formed by the erosion of the Cuesta of the Paris basin at the time of the Oligocène, which also formed, in the north of Paris, the hillocks of Montmorency or Écouen.

It is located at a kilometers dozen in the north of Paris, with horse on the communes of Pierrefitte, Villetaneuse (Seine-Saint-Denis), Groslay and Montmagny (Val-d'Oise) and which is the first hillock in the north of Paris after Montmartre.

The Ridge-Finch culminates to 108 m on the level of Redoute of the Hillock Finch and to 91 m with the Wood of Richebourg, and it is thus less low than the hillock of Montmorency (186 m), from which it is separated by the talweg formed by Ru from Arra (or Ru of Harras) which runs Groslay towards the the Seine.

Its Gypse was exploited by many carriers of the Middle Ages at the beginning of the 20th century.

Geology

The geological structure of the Ridge-Finch is comparable with that of the others flat-topped outliers of the Paris basin and the various layers reflect the nature of the various deposits: lagunaires (the Marne and masses of the Gypsum), lake (marnes of Puppet), laguno-sailor (Marnes green) marine (Calcareous S of Sannois, marnes with oysters, Sand S of Fontainemebleau).

According to the sheets " Isle-Adam" and " Paris" geological map of France carried out by BRGM, the Ridge-Finch is on a Limestone base of Saint-Ouen, then marnes with Pholodomya, masses of the gypsum and marnes of interval masses, then come from Marnes de Pantin and Argenteuil, of Marnes green and clays with Cyrènes. The top of the hillock is made of limestones of Sannois and road-metals of Orgemont, marnes with oysters and, with the ridge, of sands and sandstone of Fontainebleau.

History and occupation of the site

Windmills are reproduced under the name of the Mills Finches on the cantonal Carte of Montmorency and its valley , gone back to 1857, appreciably with the site of Redoute.

At the beginning of the 20th century, many Guinguette S had been installed on the Hillock Finch, in the sector of the Wood of Richebourg (southern end of the Hillock). One knew there in particular a Moulin of the Wafer .

Careers

As it was exposed in the section " Géologie" , the Ridge-Finch includes/understands important a strade marnes and gypsum, which is actually divided into 3 gypsum stages separated by marnes, is, from top to bottom:
  • the First mass of gypsum or High-Mass , which is that which was exploited in the careers with the free air of the sector
  • then, under a layer of marl from 3 to 5 m of depth is the Second mass of gypsum , thick from 4 to 5 m, of which the exploitation partial primarily was done in undergrounds.
  • and finally, under marnes with Lucines, a Third gypsum mass, which was not exploited with the Ridge-Finch.

Since 1463, it is mentioned stone quarries with plaster of Villetaneuse, and the careers are quite visible on the Chart of Huntings of the King, who goes back to 1770. According to the places, one extracted sand there or Gypsum, raw material of the manufacture of the Plaster, traditional economic construction material of the Ile-de-France.

The master line of the Area of Paris of 1910 makes it possible to note a generalization of the careers on the Ridge-Finch, in the form of careers with open sky and of underground careers.

Besides the deliberations of the Municipal council of Villetaneuse make it possible to note frequent conflicts in the years 1920 with the acrriers, who dig under the public highways of the sector and without authorization…

If, according to chart IGN of 1934, the careers of Moutonnes (in Villetaneuse) and the Sickles (Montmagny) widened, and are primarily exploited in underground mode, it is the end of their cycle, since, according to the charts of 1962, the careers of Villetaneuse and Montmagny closed, and the sectors north are used as dumps.

The Vieujot Career, located more at the south, is transformed into departmental Park with the beginning of the year 1980, after being embanked. The other careers will be they also embanked, either by household waste, or by embankments, and the whole of the Hillock Finch is intended to become a large regional park of more than 120 hectares.

Fears Ridges-Pinçon

Old the fears Hillock Pinçon conceived after the war of 1870 by Séré de Rivière to contribute to the defense of the fortified camp from Paris, could acueillir 13 pieces of artillery been useful by a garrison of 150 soldiers and was to be able to resist a three month old seat.

The site had very wide sights thanks to its altitude (108 meters):

  • In North on Groslay, RN 1 and Trunk road RN 16 and with the background the Forest of Montmorency;
  • With the West on Montmagny and the ridges of Cormeilles-in-Parisis
  • In the South on the whole of the Northern suburbs of Paris

Fears was with the back of the Forts of Écouen and Stains, and supplemented the monitoring of the accesses of Saint-Denis by the forts of the East, the Double-Crown and Briche.

The August 28th 1944, it was the HQ of the Général Leclerc. After war, it sheltered military radars protecting the airport from Le Bourget. Demilitarized since 1954, was repurchased in 1973 by the Syndicat of study and installation of the Hillock Finch (SIEABP), then formed by the communes of Pierrefitte and Montmagny, initially to prevent that the site and the surroundings are not encroached by a project of highway (which would have borne the name of B 15 or B 16) between the Trunk road 1 and the highway A13, and for the installation of the Park. This fears does not have a particular use today. The barracks is occupied by associations (club of shooting, wine association), and the ditches by family Jardins. The trade union (which was joined by the communes of Groslay and Villetaneuse) wishes to work with its opening to the public.

For a few years, an international building site of young people has taken place each summer to clear of undergrowth and give in state the site.

The working vine, truck farming and gardens

August 1st

Projects

Today, Ridge-Finch is green area of 120 hectares approximately, extending of future Boulevard inter-commune of Parisis and of entry of Sarcelles until Villetaneuse, including one great part belongs to the Regional council of Ile-de-France, which gradually carries out of it installation via its public corporation, the agency of the Green areas of Ile de France.

Intercommunity association fixed itself like objective to be partner of the Area of Ile de France for the installation of the regional park, and to emphasize Redoute.

The site also shelters 120 families of travelling entertainers, whose rehousing conditions the realization of this project.

See too

Related articles

  • Country of France
  • List of forts, fortifications, citadels and fortified towns in France

External bonds

Bibliography
  • Anne Marin and F. Gorrand, Perspective of installation of the regional field of the Hillock Finch , study carried out for the Agency of the green areas of the Area of Ile-de-France, November 1995
  • Claire Gauthier, Paul Poulard, Diagnosis of the landscapes of the Hillock Finch , study carried out for the Agency of the green areas of the Area of Ile-de-France, June 2007
Internet sites
  • Tableau of [[Maurice Utrillo] the Hillock Finch ]
  • Site of the agency of the Green areas of Ile de France
  • Page devoted to fears Ridge-Finch on the Index site of the fortifications Frenchwomen 1874-1914.

Air sight WikiMapia

Sources, notes and references

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