Richard Matthew Stallman (born with Manhattan, the March 16th 1953), known also under initial RMS , is a programmer and militant of the free software. It is at the origin of the project GNU and the public License general GNU known also under the acronym LPG, which it wrote with the lawyer Eben Moglen. The invention of the English term Copyleft (which one can translate by “left copy” but which is at the beginning the fruit of a word game with the term copyright , and left opposition the “of author”/“royalty”) is allotted to him. Famous programmer of the American and international data-processing community, it developed many software of which most known of the developers are the text editor GNU Emacs, the compiler C of GNU, the debugger GNU but also, in collaboration with Roland McGrath, the Moteur of production GNU make.

Since the medium of the Years 1990, it devotes the major part of its time to the promotion of the free software near various public a little everywhere in the world. For a few years, it has made countryside against the software patents and the Gestion of the digital rights (DRM). Time that it still allocates with the programming is dedicated to GNU Emacs. It earns its living with the seals of lecturer that one gives him on the occasion.

Biography

Richard Matthew Stallman is born with Manhattan the March 16th 1953. He touches with a Ordinateur for the first time during his years of college in 1969. The summer even of obtaining its baccalaureat, it is engaged by the scientific center of IBM to New York and attacks the writing of its first program, a preprocessor for the Computer programming language PL/I intended for the computers IBM 360.

In 1971, then studying in Physical with the University Harvard, it becomes off hacker at the department of research in Artificial intelligence of the Massachusetts Institute Technology.

Project GNU

In the month of September 1983, Richard Stallman announces the development of a free Operating system which it names GNU. The recursive Acronyme GNU means GNU is Not Unix (“GNU is not UNIX”). Systems GNU aim at being free equivalents of Unix. A little later it creates the Free Software Foundation (FSF), an non-profit making organization which will allow the recruiting of programmers and the setting-up of a legal infrastructure for the community of the free software. In January 1984, it leaves its employment with MIT to devote itself full-time to the Projet GNU. In 1985, Stallman publishes the Manifeste GNU, in which it makes known the motivations and the objectives of the project and fact call in support of the world data-processing community.

In order to make sure that all the free software developed for the operating system GNU remains free, Richard Stallman popularizes the concept of Copyleft (invented by Don Hopkins), an astute use of the royalty allowing to ensure the legal protection of four fundamental freedoms of the users of computers as defined by the FSF.

In 1989, the first version of the public License general GNU is published. This license will be used to protect the major part of the system GNU which is then very advanced, but still incomplete. Indeed, it still misses the core of the system. In 1990, the majority of the elements of system GNU are ready, except for the core (or kernel). It is at this time there that the FSF began the development of Hurd, but its development proved to be long (and is still not finalized).

1991 sees the birth of the Noyau Linux, generally distributed with the software of project GNU, from where the insistence of Richard Stallman so that the unit is called GNU/Linux.

Facts

  • In 1999, Richard Stallman launched in '' The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource '' the ideas at the base of Wikipédia.

  • Richard Stallman wrote the Free Software Song , anthem of the free software.
  • It usually speaks English and French, rather usually Spanish, and a little Indonésien.
  • It stated on several occasions “I then to explain the philosophical base of the free software in three words: freedom, equality, fraternity . Freedom , because the users are free. Equality , because they lay out all of same freedoms. Fraternity , because we encourage each one to cooperate in the community. ”
  • Friday June 9th 2006, it went to Paris in order to present the 165.000 signatures against the law DADVSI to the Matignon Hotel. But it is driven back there, a decision “maturely considered” according to the chief of the safety of the residence of the Prime Minister.

Price and distinctions

Richard Stallman received many prices and distinctions during his life, among which:

External bonds

  • Personal Page of Richard Mr. Stallman
  • Myspace Profile of Richard Mr. Stallman
  • project GNU
  • Stallman and the biopiratage
  • Conference of Richard Mr. Stallman of the 11/20/2001 to the National Assembly
  • Free ace in Freedom: Biography of Richard Stallman (under license GFDL)
  • Free Ace In Freedom: Preface and Chapter I. (see book free)
  • Interview of RMS in Charlie Hebdo in June 2004
  • Copyright and Mondialisation at the age of the data-processing networks, FPSL, Lausanne
  • Proclamation GNU
  • Interview, Paris, 27-Jan-2002
  • Discours, Paris, 30-Jan-2002
  • Interview, 20-Nov.-2001
  • Interview, 2005-01-04
  • Reportage on its arrival with the ENST, 2007-04-04
  • Conférence of R. Stallman to the ENST on April 3rd, 2007
  • Transcription written of the conference of R. Stallman to the ENST on April 3rd, 2007
  • Richard Stallman with UNIL (Lausanne) on June 18th, 2007. (report requested)

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