Richard II of England
See also: Richard
Richard II of England (January 6th 1367, Bordeaux - February 17th 1400, Pontefract (England)), Duke of Cornouailles, was king of England of 1377 to its death, by succeeding Edouard III, his grandfather.
Richard is born with Bordeaux, where his parents, Edouard the Prince Noir and Jeanne de Kent, resident, as a prince and a princess of Aquitaine. From its birth the day of the Epiphany in the presence of three kings, is born a legend which predicts a great destiny to him, although he is only the son junior.
He becomes the heir to the throne of England with died of the Prince Noir in 1376, and king the June 22nd 1377, at the ten years age, when his/her grandfather Edouard III dies.
In the St-Etienne vault with the palate of Westminster in January 1382, it marries Anne of Bohemia, girl of Charles IV, emperor of the Germanic Roman Holy roman Empire. Richard is very devoted with his wife who dies in 1394 without him to give of child. It remarie by procuration with Paris on March 9th, 1396 and in person with the St-Nicolas church with Calais, on November 4th, 1396, with Isabelle de Valois, girl of the king de France Charles VI, which does not give him either a descent.
Reign
He is crowned in the Abbaye of Westminster, with London on July 16th 1377, by Simon Sudbury, archbishop of Canterbury.
During its minority, until January 1380, three “councils” are responsible for the management of the kingdom. The quasi-regents are his/her three uncles, the princes Jean of Ghent, the very powerful Duc of Lancaster, Edmond de Langley, Duc of York and Thomas de Woodstock, Duc of Gloucester.
The country revolts of 1381 mark its reign. It negotiates brilliantly with the chiefs of the rebellion, puts an end to violence and thus carries out promising beginnings. Nevertheless, at the adulthood, it is weak, hesitating even tyrannical.
Since 1387, it tries to demolish influence of his uncles and the nobility. It obtains satisfaction only the May 3rd 1389, date on which it controls autocratically by removing the acquired rights by the people. In 1397, his/her uncle Thomas, who plots against him, is made prisoner and strangled on his order with Calais. In 1398, it makes exile his first cousin the prince Henri, wire of his uncle Jean of Ghent, and confiscates its goods.
In 1399, it leaves guerroyer in Ireland. His/her cousin Henri, become duke of Lancaster with died of his father, the previous on February 3rd, benefits from his absence to unload in July in Yorkshire, gaining at once the support of the nobility and the population. Informed unloading of his cousin, the king turns over to England on July 27th but is overcome and made captive with the Château of Flint. He is led to the Tour of London where he is constrained to abdicate in favor of Henri on September 29th then is imprisoned with the Château of Pontefract. He is found there died on February 17th, 1400, probably assassinated.
He is first of all buried in the church King' S Langley , then moved with the Abbaye of Westminster in 1420. Its coffin, badly manufactured, makes it possible to the not very respectful visitors to pass the hand by openings, and to disturb the interior. One even tells that a pupil set out again with the jaw of the late king.
Armorial bearings
He first of all carries the weapons of his father, broken of a Red Cross on one of hanging of the lambel, which gives: quartered into 1 and 4 of mouths to the three gold leopards and into 2 of sown azure of flowers of gold lily, with a money lambel stitching on the whole, during exchange charged with a cross of mouths .His/her father dies in 1376, and he inherits the principality of Wales and the paternal blazon: quartered into 1 and 4 of mouths to the three gold leopards and into 2 of sown azure of flowers of gold lily, with a money lambel stitching on the whole .
Lastly, his/her grandfather Edouard III dies in 1377, and he inherits the kingdom of England and the blazon of his kings: quartered into 1 and 4 of mouths to the three gold leopards and into 2 of sown azure of flowers of gold lily.
A little later it associates to these weapons with those (mythical) of the king Edouard the Confessor: left into 1 azure, with the blossomed gold cross, accompanied by five merlettes by same, and into 2 quartered into 1 and 4 of sown azure of flowers of gold lily and into 2 and 3 of mouths to the three gold leopards.
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