Richard FitzGilbert de Clare
See also: Richard de Clare
Richard FitzGilbert de Clare known as Strongbow ( Arc-Extremely ) (1130 - April 20th 1176, Dublin), 2nd Count de Pembroke, Lord de Netherwent (Wales of the south) and of Leinster (Ireland), lord of Bienfaite and Orbec (Normandy), was noble a Anglo-Norman and cambro-Norman, which began the conquest Norman from the Ireland.
Biography
Heritage
He was the grandson of Richard Fitz Gilbert, Lord de Clare, and the son of Gilbert de Clare († 1148 or 1149), 1st count de Pembroke, and of Isabelle de Beaumont, girl of the count Robert I {{er}} of Meulan, 1st Count de Leicester, and of Isabelle de Vermandois. He thus went down from prestigious lines.He inherited the possessions of his father in Wales of the south in 1148. He was honest with the king Etienne of England in the civil war which marked all the reign of Etienne. This support cost him its county of Pembroke to the accession with the throne of Henri II in 1154. Just as the many noble ones disinherited, it was then opened with any proposal enabling him to make fortune, and Ireland offered opportunity of it to him.
Ireland
In 1168, Dermot MacMurrough, King de Leinster, is driven out of its kingdom by the supreme King of Ireland Ruaidri O' Connor. It comes in England to request the assistance of Henri II. Since the beginning of its reign, this last was pressed by the ecclesiastics of England to consider the extension of its domination on the Royaume of Ireland. The request of Dermot MacMurrough thus arrives at named point, and Henri II gives him the authorization to recruit the Norman ones.
MacMurrough engages several Lords of the Welsh walk S, of which Robert FitzStephen and his half-brother Maurice FitzGerald. An army is formed, composed in particular of Welsh archers. Carried out by Maurice FitzGerald, it takes Wexford and reconquers Leinster.
The effectiveness of the Anglo-Norman army is explained by the use of techniques then unknown in Ireland, such as the construction of mounds castrales, and them coordinated attacks of the cavalry, the infantry and the archers.
MacMurrough concludes a peace treaty in 1169 with the supreme King from Ireland Ruaidri O' Connor. Their army takes Waterford shortly after. It is in Waterford that MacMurrough gives his/her daughter in marriage to Strongbow.
The two armies cambro-Normans meet and move towards Dublin. The city falls in September 1170
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