Ribbon manufacture

The ribbon manufacture is the Industrie and the Commerce of the Ruban.

Characteristics of the ribbon

The ribbon is a narrow fabric, employee like bond, borders, ornament in the Vêtement, the ornament or furnishing. It is distinguished from the fabric by the existence of a visible edge which forms its essential edge. The ribbon includes, in addition to the beautiful ribbon of mode, the ribbon of decoration, the label S textiles and escutcheon S, the Sangle technical S and other ribbons, the elastic ribbon for Lingerie, the Passementerie of furnishing, the fabric with medical use.

Because of its characteristic, the ribbon knew an early mechanization: indeed, a trade which can weave several parts at the same time, the trade called to the Inhabitant of Zurich, is developed as of the 17th century. Of this fact and because of the role of the mode, requiring a great flexibility to adapt to its whims, the production combined for a long time the domestic industry within the framework of the Factory ( domestic system in France but verlagsystem in Switzerland) and machines it. For the ribbon of Silk, it is necessary to announce the importance of the common ribbon or utility in fabric of flax or cotton or métissé in Normandy, in Lieuvin, and in Belgium with Comines-Warneton.

A short history

A long time monopoly of Basle, the power looms are introduced after 1772 with Saint-Etienne which will become the great center of manufacture of the silk ribbon. In 1786, there were in the area inhabitant of Saint-Etienne 15.250 trades (2 246 only in Basle) producing for 17 franc million of which about half was exported. After the tests of the Revolution and Empire, the industry of the ribbon makes very important great strides and of 1815 to 1856, Saint-Etienne knows a true golden age. The Inhabitants of Saint-Etienne succeed in adapting Jacquard mechanics to the trade of ribbon and the use of the Jacquard loom in the ribbon makes it possible to produce a larger variety of ribbons. In 1846, the sales turnover of Saint-Etienne east of 46 franc million compared with 20 million for its large Basle rival. Between 1857 and 1866, an serious attack affects the industry of the ribbon but Basle, which developed large factories contrary in Saint-Etienne, supports the situation more easily. However, the treaty of Free trade of 1860 between France and the the United Kingdom opens the British significant market with the ribbon inhabitant of Saint-Etienne and causes the ruin of Coventry.

From now on, the cheap ribbon overrides the ribbon of luxury with the vulgarizing of consumption. The clothes industry uses less Soie and more Coton. The production dispersed in family workshops moves back with the profit of the factory. The Protectionnisme supports the installation of national industries at the expense of Saint-Etienne and Basle: thus in the United States, the town of Paterson becomes a great production center. In Germany, the factory is dispersed between Krefeld, Barmen and Elberfeld (these two cities forming Wuppertal today).

The day before the First World War, the ribbon manufacture employed 30.000 persons and made live with additional industries more than 80.000 people around Saint-Etienne.

Today, about fifty companies employing 3.000 people work in this sector in the area inhabitant of Saint-Etienne for the worldwide market.

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • bibliographical references on the ribbon manufacture inhabitant of Saint-Etienne
  • ribbon manufacture presented to the museum of the Old man Saint-Etienne
  • museum of the ribbon manufacture with Comines

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