Rhinolophus hipposideros

The small rhinolophe or small horseshoe is one of Chauve-souris. It is smallest and most septentrional of the Rhinolophe S Europeans. Small the rhinolophe is sedentary. It moves only between its lodgings of hibernation and estivage. Like all the rhinolophes, small the rhinolophe emits the ultrasounds by the nose and not by the mouth like the others Microchiroptères. It does not have a Tragus.

It was described for the first time in 1800 by George Montagu.

Characteristics

Size: body from 3,7 to 4,5 cm; tail from 2 to 3 cm

Scale: 19,2 to 29,4 cm

Weight: 4 to 7 G

winter Habitat: caves, cellars, mines.

estival Habitat: hot built medium (attic, packed of church, castle).

Place of hunting: Meadows, edges. It affectionate scrap-metals of grazed meadows intersected with hedges. The presence of aquatic environments (rivers, wetlands, not of water) seems important in particular for the reproductive females.

Food: small Dipterous Lépidoptère, , Neuroptère, Coleopter, Spider. Small Rhinolophe is polyphagous: it copies its food on the most important insect resource of the moment.

Ultrasounds: 105-111 Khz. C.f. long, then short and abrupt F.M.

Flight: low height (4 to 5 m).

Longevity: up to 21 years.

Reproduction: coupling in autumn, differed fecundation, 10 weeks gestation, 1 young person per annum, at the end of June - at the beginning of July.

Distribution: Mediterranean region, Europe, Asia.

Protection: Protected space. Since about fifty years, small the rhinolophe is in strong regression in the north of its surface of distribution. Disappeared from the Netherlands and Luxembourg, small the rhinolophe remains with the state of residual cores in the United Kingdom, in Belgium, in Germany and Switzerland. Absent from the Northern area of France, the species remains present in Alsace, in High-Normandy and Ile de France with very small populations (from 1 to 30 individuals). Its situation is more favorable in the Center, in Burgundy, out of Champagne-Ardenne, in Lorraine, in Franche-Comté, in the Rhone-Alps, in Corsica and the Midday-Pyrenees (the 2 last areas accommodate more than 50% of estival manpower).

Statute of protection

Convention of Bern of September 19th, 1979:

Appendix 2: Are in particular prohibited: a) any form of intentional capture, detention and setting with intentional death; b) the intentional deterioration or destruction of the sites of reproduction or the rest areas; c) the intentional disturbance of the wildlife, in particular during the period of reproduction, dependence and hibernation, in so far as the disturbance has a significant effect have regard to the objectives of this Convention; d) intentional destruction or the collecting of eggs in nature or their detention, even vacuums; E) the detention and internal trade of these animals, alive or died, including animals naturalized, and of very part or very produced, easily identifiable, obtained starting from the animal, when this measurement contributes to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article.

European directives of May 21st, 1992 and of October 27th, 1997 concerning the conservation of the natural habitats as well as fauna and flora savages:

CE/92/43 - Appendix 2: Directive Fauna-Flora-Habitat, appendix 2: animal species and vegetable of Community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special zones of conservation modified by the Directive 97/62/CE (species from which the habitat must be protected).
CE/92/43 - Appendix 4: Directive Fauna-Flora-Habitat, appendix 4: strictly protected species, the capture and the setting with intentional death is prohibited just like the disturbance of the critical phases of the vital cycle and the destruction of their rest and their site areas of reproduction.

Convention of Bonn of June 23rd, 1979:

Agreement Bat : Convention of Bonn on the migrating species: Agreement on the conservation of the bats in Europe: Extracts of article 3 on the fundamental obligations: 1. Each Part prohibits the capture, detention or the setting with intentional death of the bats, except when it is delivered a license by its competent authority. 2. Each Part identifies, on the concerning territory its jurisdiction, the sites which are important for the state of the conservation of the bats, in particular for their shelter and their protection. By holding account with the need for the economic and social considerations, it protects from such sites of any degradation or disturbance. In addition, each Part endeavors to identify and protect from any degradation or disturbance the important surfaces of food for the bats.

External bonds

the Council wounded Bat
regional Contacts chiropètres in France

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