Rhenish Francique of Lorraine

The francic Rhenish one of Lorraine east linguistically of the Rhenish Francique and geographically localized in Lorraine. It is one of the three forms of the Lorraine Francique.

geography

The main cities in which one speaks the francic Rhenish one about Lorraine are Saint-Avold, Hombourg-Haut, Freyming-Merlebach, Small-Rosselle, Forbach, Stiring-Wendel, Sarreguemines, Puttelange-with-Lakes, Sarralbe, Rohrbach-lès-Bitche, Bitche, Fénétrange, Sarrebourg, Phalsbourg, Dabo.

the Eastern limit corresponds to the line of Crete of the the Vosges of North: it is beyond this line that one meets the southernmost Francique or the Alémanique of Alsace. The francic Rhenish one of Lorraine is distinguished from the Alémanique by the line P und/ PF und (Second consonant shift with initial).

the Western limit corresponds about to the boundary line of water between the Nied, area of the Francique native of the Moselle region of Lorraine and the other direct or indirect affluents of the the Saar running in Lorraine. Francic the Rhenish Lorraine one is distinguished from the francic Lorraine native of the Moselle region by the line da' /da ' you (consonant shift finally).

the southern limit is the linguistic border with the speeches Lorrain S novels.

In north there is a linguistic continuity with the Rhenish Francique of the Saar and the Palatinat. The francic denomination Rhenish Lorraine thus stops at the political border without the linguistic continuum being broken.

phonology

Vowel S

The vowel system of the Rhenish Francique of Lorraine includes/understands two series of vowels: nonround vowels and round vowels. All these vowels can be short or long below (in the table the long ones are noted with a double dot " : ").

The nonround vowels all are of the former vowels and the round vowels all are posterior. There are no round vowels former contrary to the German standard (except when the francic Lorraine one is tinted of Alémanique to the accesses of the Alsace).

Low short the nonround ones are shifted a little backwards and the long ones still more.

The writing of the short vowels and the long vowels is identical, but after the short vowels the consonant is doubled.

In the table below the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet are between hooks, the corresponding standardized writing worked out by the GERIPA is between brackets. It is possible to listen to the sound while clicking on ♫. The transcription of short and long is the same one but one can differentiate them by the doubling from the consonant behind the short vowels

the low vowels higher former are present only in a marginal way.

diphthongs

The Diphtongaison is very unequally distributed on the territory of francic Rhenish. The part more in north has the most diphthongs and the southern part only was touched very little by diphthongization. The writing of the Diphtongue S is obtained starting from the two vowels which compose it.

Consonant S

In the tables below the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet are between hooks, the corresponding standardized writing worked out by the GERIPA is between brackets. It is possible to listen to the sound while clicking on ♫.

occlusive consonants

(1) Deaf with sound explosion: the explosion is sound, but the sound then is deafened i.e. devoized. One will be able to consult on this subject the article Dévoisement

(♫1) the pronunciation is close to a B being transformed into p as in the following words where it undergoes the deaf attraction of the letter which follows a' b' feels; we' b' camwood

(♫2) the pronunciation is close to D being transformed into T as in the following words where it undergoes the deaf attraction of the letter which follows to me D ecin; wo' of ka

(♫3) the pronunciation is close to one G being transformed into K as in the following words where it undergoes the deaf attraction of the letter which follows bi' g' crash landing; bi' g' chief

The really sound weak consonants are present only in the western part of francic Rhenish Lorraine, in the east of a line following the course of the Saar roughly they are dévoisées.

fricative consonants

The pronunciation of the fricative dorsopalatale is not uniform and often differs from that of the " ich-Laut" German often approaching the pronunciation of intermediate French CH enters the " ich-Laut" German and it.

grammar

verbs and conjugation

The verbs in general have an infinitive, a requirement, a last participle and a conjugation at the present indicative. Other times are obtained using auxiliaries which can have a more complete conjugation. These auxiliaries can be followed infinitive or participle past according to time to obtain.

the infinitive is formed of the verbal radical followed by N (géhn) or an E (corn salad).
the takes part last :

it is generally formed of the verbal radical preceded by Ge and follow-up by one - T

infinitive: corn salad ; take part last gemacht
infinitive: injures ; take part last gelèst

there are also exceptions in particular for the verbs starting with G or K

infinitive: kùmme ; take part last kùmm
infinitive: géhn ; take part last gòng

Present indicative

The conjugation at the present indicative is the following one (the verbal radical being indicated by a - :

The present has also a form meaning I am in the train of… ich bìnn òmm schaffe (I am working)

Past of the code

The past (perfect) is combined using one of the auxiliares hònn or sìnn followed last participle. The last participle is generally marked by the prefix Ge (gelèst) but there are exceptions (kùmm).

auxiliary hònn or hann

auxiliary sìnn

The past has another form expressing the unfinished last action (like the imperfect one in French):

ich war òmm schaffe (I worked or I was working).

Future of the code

The future is expressed several manners because the future by principle is not carried out yet, the auxiliary brings nuances on the nature of the future event:

future some (without auxiliary using the present indicative): ich corn salad das (I will do that, certainly, it is as if it were already being done: this is why one then uses simply the present)

Of the nuances can be introduced by auxiliaries of method followed by infinitive:

future some with promise (with the auxiliary dùn): ich dù das corn salad (I commit myself doing it)

auxiliary dùn

future probable (with the auxiliary wèrre): ich wèr das corn salad (I will do it)

auxiliary wèrre

near future (auxiliary géhn): ich géh das corn salad (I will do it)

auxiliary géhn

future intentional (with the auxiliary wìlle): ich wìll das corn salad (I intend to do it)

auxiliary wìlle

Present of the conditional one

the present of conditional is combined with the auxiliary wèrre with the conditional one: ich wùdd das corn salad (I would probably make it if…) or with the auxiliary dùn with the conditional one: ich dìdd das corn salad (I would certainly make it if…) follow-up of the verb to infinitive.

auxiliary wèrre

auxiliary dùn

Past of the conditional one

the past of conditional is combined with the auxiliary hann or the auxiliary sìnn with the conditional follow-up of the last participle: ich hätt da gemacht (I would have done it) or ich wär kùmm (I would have come).

auxiliary hann

auxiliary sìnn

articles names and variation

The names are divided into three female and neutral masculine kinds. The variation can be done with the indefinite article or the definite article. The name itself is not declined. The mark of the case truve on the article.

variations

Genitive with the same form that the dative but construction is following the EM Mònn sinn Bùch the book of the man

prepositions

As in German there exist prepositions followed by the dative and others of the accusative. There are also prepositions which can be followed dative (rental) or the accusative (directing), the rules are almost identical to those of the German standard except for the prepositions which in German are followed genitive.

the prepositions followed of acusatif are: dùrch (by), iron for), gehe (against), ohne (without), ùmm (around), widder (against)
the prepositions followed by the dative are: anstatt or ònstadt (instead of), aus or customs (out of), ausserhalb or customs (outside), EIB (at), ìnnerhalb (inside), ìwwerhalb (above), mìt (with, using), nòh (towards), seit or sitt (since), ùnnerhalb (below), von (of), währe (during), zù (at)
the prepositions followed by the accusative or the dative according to whether they express a position (dative) or a movement (accusative) are: àn or òn (close to), hìnner (behind), ìn (in), ìwwer (on), nèwe (beside), ùff or auf (on), ùnner (under), vòr (in front of), zwìsche (between)

Certain prepositions contract with the article for example ìm Wald replaces ìn EM Wald

syntax

The affirmative sentence is usually formed in the order by the subject then the verb then the complements. When insistence relates to one of the complements this one is placed before the verb: the subject follows the verb then.

The interrogative sentence and the exclamative sentence start with the verb followed by the subject. When insistence relates to a complement the interrogative or exclamative sentence can also start with this complement. The verb always precedes the subject in these sentences.

dictionaries

Wörterbuch DER deutsch-lothringischen Mundarten (consultable on line on the site of the university of Trier) by Michael Ferdinand Follmann 1909 Strasbourg SHAL; republication 1983 Sändig Reprint Verlag Lichtenstein
Platt, Helene Nicklaus Pierron editions 2001
Lexicon of dialect of the area of Sarreguemines, Marianne Haas Heckel, editions junctions 2001
Boussa Platt, Rene Baro, published by the author
Dictionary of the speech francic of Saint-Avold by Manfred Pützer-Adolphe Thil-Julien Helleringer, Serpenoise Editions, Metz 2001

sources

Atlas liguistic and ethnographic of German-speaking Lorraine by Marthe Philipp, A.Bothorel and G. Levieuge 1977 editions of the francic CNRS
Charter of the harmonized C-W communication of the speeches of the German-speaking Moselle GERIPA university of High Alsace under the direction of Albert Hudlett
DTV: Atlas zur deutschen linguistic Sprachen
History of Alsace and Lorraine, Paul Levy 1929, Beautiful letters Paris republication editions Manucius Coals 2004.

External bonds

Wörterbuch DER deutsch-lothringischen Mundarten
Lothringisch zum Anhören* Plattweb, “a gate of the platt”
site more properly linguistic
with discovered the franciques ones of Lorraine
the Lorraine '' term francic '' indicates three Germanic dialects of Lorraine
the site of the festival of Sarreguemines
site history of the francique-chart-literature
site of '' Gau Griis '', association for defense and promotion of francic (Bouzonville). " Gau Griis" publish, since 2001, a literary review trilingual (French, German, francic) and semi-annual, the " Paraple".
Hughes, S.P., (2005) Bilingualism in North-East France with specific refer to Rhenish Franconian spoken by the Moselle Cross-country race-to border (gold frontier) workers
the influence of the language of the Francs on French, seen by the Ministry for the French Culture
the influence of the language of the Francs on French, seen by the French Community (Walloon) of Belgium

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