Reutlingen

Reutlingen is a city in the State ( Land ) German of Bade-Wurtemberg, the city counts approximately 112.099 inhabitants. It is located approximately at 30km Stuttgart, approximately sixty in the west of Ulm and 100km of Strasbourg.

Geography

Reutlingen is surrounded of the the Jura souabe (directly behind the towns of Eningen unter Achalm and Pfullingen), it is crossed by a river, Echaz, and has two mounts of 706m and 602m, respectively the mount Achalm and the Georgenberg

The city is subdivided in twelve districts and boroughs, enumerated below with their blazon.

History

The Middle Ages

In 1030 a first borough was set up by the Graf (count) Egino at the top of Hausbergs (the mountain mother) of Reutlingen, called mount Achalm. This borough fell in ruin at the 15th century and was shaven during the Guerre Thirty Year old. There remain about it today only the foundations in ruin, but the keep was rebuilds in 1838 (historical renovation work, and the need for memory started in Germany much earlier than in France) and is used today as Belvédère, offering an exceptional point of view on the edge of the the Jura souabe and Albvorland (plain).

Reformation

At the beginning of the Protestantism Lutheran, Reutlingen massively adopted the reforming ideas .

Since 1519, Mathäus Albert preached the theses of Luther and was called Luther Souabe. Reutlingen remained an important stronghold since then of the Protestantism of Bade-Wurtemberg (catholic). The city became member in 1529 of the alliance of the Protestant minority, and was with Nuremberg in 1530 one of both free Villes of the south of Germany to sign the Confessio Augustana with Augsburg. The Jews and catholics were then banished.

At the 19th century, the first catholic community reinstalled itself in Reutlingen (1823), and one counted 1700 catholics in 1900.

Free statute of city to the annexation in Bade-Wurtemberg

In first half of the 16th century, Kaiser Maximilien I {{er}} became ground of asylum for the homicides, and the free classification of city was issued thereafter, its autonomy being guaranteed him by the emperor of the " Holy Germanic Roman empire " , autonomy which will perdura until 1802

In 1726 the largest catastrophe of the city occurred, since this one was destroyed has more than 80% at the time of a fire, making lose their roof with 1200 families.

Within the framework of the Napoleonean Wars, the city lost its statute and its autonomy with the profit of the Württemberg family because of her resistance to the invader… At the time the villages of Betzingen, Bronweiler were integrated, Ohmenhausen, Wannweil, Stockach and Ziegelhausen with the " free city of Reutlingen" , and benefitted from the same autonomy (Gomaringen and Hinterweiler formed of it also part until 1648, but following the Guerre Thirty Year old, the involved in debt city had to sell them with the Württemberg family). In 1802, following the annexation, the villages named previously took the statute of commune.

The civil war of 1848, the Spring of the people, had few repercussions in Reutlingen, which (because of its past of free city depending on the Emperor) in addition always remained very faithful (politically speaking) to the central capacity.

The Industrialization of the city began late, but with any vapor, with the startup of the railway line Stuttgart Plochingen, it ( Neckar-Alb-Bahn ), in 1859. At the end of the 19th century, the city became a stronghold Socialiste with the avant-garde of the movements of defense of the workers.

Reutlingen under national-socialisme

After the takeover of NSDAP in 1933, the city sank in national-socialisme: taken capacity in the communal institutions, prohibition of the Trade union S. Richard Dederer, civil servant of the NSDAP, became mayor ( Oberbürgermeister ) and remained at this station until the release.

The city counted into 1933 Jewish families (approx. 100 people) and gypsy S. Indeed, the Judaism was banished city during 350 years, prohibition which ended in the years 1860, which explains the low number of families of this confession in the city. In the middle of the years 1930, the “aryanisation” of the Jewish trade was ordered in Reutlingen (the families were thus dispossessed of their work tools to the German " profit; aryens". In 1942, one did not count officially any more Jews in Reutlingen, good about thirty of them having flees abroad, the others having been off-set in concentration camps and of extermination. Only 8 of them survived. The Gypsies as for them for the majority died in Auschwitz-Birkenau.

The political opponents were also sent in camps, in particular the Communist Fritz Wandel who remained with Dachau, and joined thereafter with Kalbfell to rebuild and democratize the city, destroyed with more than 25% by allied aviation.

Kabfell was with the head of a German movement resistant, which rebelled against the central capacity and could deliver the in April 1945 city to the French troops, avoiding with this one of fuller destruction.

Post-war period

In 1945, the city passes under French occupation and remains an important garrison of the French Forces in Germany until the end of the Cold war. The rebuilding of Reutlingen and its democratization are closely related to the action of Mr. Kalbfell, his mayor lasting nearly three decades (until 1973).

Education

The Université of Reutlingen was founded in 1855. It is not a university as one can hear it in France, but a university for sciences applied, where the studies are punctuated six-month periods of training courses, according to the principle of the Hochschule, in Germany.

Population

In 1907, the city counted 25.000 inhabitants, this number climbed up to 50.000 in 1952. In 1988 the bar of the 100.000 inhabitants was reached. In December 2004, by continuing the statistical curve worked out by Bade-Wurtemberg, this number should be last with 112.229 people.

In June 2004, the number from abroad resident in Reutlingen amounted to 15,2% (that is to say 16.541 people), according to the data of the town hall. Majority coming from Turkey (3.046), Greece (2.969), Italy (2.050), Croatia (1.642) and Bosnia-Herzégovine (1.132).

The table below described the evolution of the number of inhabitants to the wire of the decades. Until 1733, the figures are the fruit of estimates and after this date, they are the result of Recensement S and their statistical prolongation.
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Policy

Municipal council

the elections of the municipal council of June 13rd, 2004 led to the distribution of the seats between following political parties:

CDU - 12 seats
SPD - 9 seats
Grüne and independent - 6 seats
Freie Wähler - 5 seats
WiR („Wir in Reutlingen “) - 4 seats
FDP - 2 seats
BMR („Bürgerliche Mitte Reutlingen “) - 2 seats

The FDP and BMR were linked.

Mayors

Here the list of the various mayors of Reutlingen, follow-ups of their political party, and their official title (because the function of mayor was indicated several different manners during the centuries, as well as the extent of their capacities and responsibilities). The mayors are elected for one eight years duration, and the mandate of Barbara Bosch will end on April 2nd, 2011.

Twinning

since 1958
since 1966
since 1970
since 1986
since 1990
since 1990
since 1998
- national twinning

External bonds

http://www.reutlingen.de Official site of the city
http://www.reutlingen-university.de Site of the university

Simple: Reutlingen

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