Republic of China (Taiwan)

The République of China is the Actual position present on the island of Taiwan. In 1947, the Chinese leaders of the République of China fold up themselves in Taiwan, to end up not controlling more but the island in 1949. The Republic of China and the Popular republic of China assert each one the full one and legitimates sovereignty on the totality of the Chinese territory (continental China and island of Taiwan).

French official documents make sometimes use of name State of Taiwan , or nationalist République of China .

Republic of China : trad: 中華民國 (literally Democratic republic of China ), simp: 中华民国, EFEO: Tchong-hoed Min-kouo, Lagging-Gilles: Chung-hooted Min-kuo, Tongyong Pinyin: JhongHuá MínGuó, Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó, Taiwanese: Tiong-hoâ Bîn-KB; in: Republic off Clouded.

Evolution towards the democracy

In 1949, the Kuomintang, sole party of the Republic of China, is folded up on the island of Taiwan. The dictatorship is first of all wild, then develops the prosperity of the island and is democratized.

In 1989, Chiang Ching-kuo inherits his/her father, at the same time of Kuomintang and the Republic of China. Gradually, it authorizes freedom of speech.

In 1995, Lee Teng-hui succeeds to him. At the same time, the first opposition party, the independence party (green) of Chen Shuibian is created.

In 1996, Lee Teng-hui organizes the first presidential election which it gains easily. It separates from Kuomintang (blue) and creates its own party extremist (green dark). Although having belonged to Kuomintang (pro-reunification), it is actually independence (dark green).

In 2000, Chen Shuibian and the Greens gain the elections and he becomes the first president not having belonged to Kuomintang.

In 2004, Chen Shuibian is re-elected of accuracy during a discussed election, during which it is wounded in an attack. Problems of money diversion weaken the green party

on December 3rd 2005, the Kuomintang left broad winner of the regional elections. If this tendency is confirmed with the national elections of 2006, Kuomintang should take again the capacity, finding the position which it had occupied during one half-century.

One of the consequences of this election will be the relaxation of the relations with the continental China. Indeed, the trade between the two countries represents nearly 70 billion dollars, and China is from now on the 3rd customer of exports of Taiwan. What pushes the governments of the two countries to level their political disagreements.

According to the criteria of the EU, a Démocratie includes/understands inter alia, a double change of the party in power. The defeat of the greens in 2008 would thus state that Taiwan is a democracy since 2000. Remain that the EU does not recognize in Taiwan the statute of Pays.

Institutions

The administration of the Republic of China is organized according to three levels: the central level, the level provincial, and the level districtal and municipal.

At the central level the separation of the capacities is ensured by the following components: presidency of the Republic, the National Assembly and five Yuans (executive, legislative, legal, of the examinations and control).

Policy

Economy

International business

The European Union is one of the principal partners of the Republic of China. However, the trade with Europe is less important than with Asia or than with North America. This is explained by the distance, the barriers linguistic and the withdrawal of the Republic of China of the United Nations in 1971.

In 2000, exports of Taiwan:

towards the the United States was of rising of 34,8 billion euros (bases: 1 € = 1 US$);
towards the European Union reached only 22,16 billion euros (conversion 1 € = 1 bases US$).

Demography

Culture

The Mandarin is the official language and uses the traditional Sinogramme S, contrary to continental China which simplified them. It is the native tongue of the descendants of continental which fled the Communists in 1949. With their descendants, they constitute 14% of the population.

The 84% of “Taiwanese of stock”, descendants of the first made colonists of southernmost China five centuries ago, are divided into:

Hok-lo, which speaks the “Taiwanese” alternative insular about the Minnan (approximately 70% of the population)
Hakka, which speaks the Hakka (approximately 14% of the population).

Certain people still include/understand the Japanese in the North-East, language which was introduced by one of the invaders at the beginning of the century.

The indigenous are a little more than 460.000 and accounts for approximately 2% of the population (underestimated figure). Their ancestors arrived on the island there is more than 6.000 years. They are divided officially into 13 groups, and speak famous the Langues formosanes, divided into three sub-groups:

Atayalique ;
Tsouique ;
Païwanique .

The languages formosanes are one of the two big families of the Langues austronésiennes, the other being formed by the Austronesian Langues spoken about Madagascar to the Easter Island. Taiwan thus represents a priceless linguistic academy, and without hardly of doubt the territory stock from where the ancestors of the people of the Pacifique would have emigrated.

Only one ethnos group, the Da' O (Yami) of the Island of the Orchises, would have arrived more tardily of the Filipino it there has approximately 1.000 years and thus speaks an Austronesian language.

Conservatory Art of Taiwan

of art continental
Lors of the escape of (1949 - 1950), the nationalists carried, with the passage, of many artistic treasures: ceramics, bronzes, jades, which one can admire with the National museum of Insular Taipei
Art

Calendar

The system of Taiwanese official calendar takes 1911 for year 1 (in 2006, we are in year 95).

Schooling

11.600 Taiwanese students follow studies in the European Union. 30.000 make studies with thePlain ones.

Sports

The Baseball is the principal sport in Taiwan. The sport was introduced not the Japanese, and the professional Chinese Ligue of baseball began in 1990.

The August 27th 2004, Taiwan obtained two gold medals in Taekwondo. They are the first gold medals of the country.

International relations

The international recognition of a State is related to the possibility of establishing diplomatic relations. Currently, the Republic of China maintains the diplomatic relations with only 24 States, out of the 195 members of the United Nations:

Taiwan wishes to integrate organizations such as the the United Nations and the the World Health Organization.

Taiwan belongs to 18 governmental international organizations and 2.074 nongovernmental international organizations.

Taiwan is member of OMC and APEC.

The European Union recognizes sometimes an existence to him distinct from the Popular republic of China.

See too

History of the island of Taiwan - Geography of the island of Taiwan
Taiwan
Statute of Taiwan
Internet in Taiwan
Law antisécession (Taiwan-China)
Manifestation of March 26th, 2005 in Taiwan

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