Republic cisalpine

The République cisalpine is a “République sister” created the June 27th 1797 by the Général Bonaparte, by the meeting of the republics cispadane and transpadane. It took the name of Italian République the January 26th 1802, then of Royaume of Italy the March 17th 1805.

First republic

Having overcome the Austrian and the Sardinian and having imposed on Cherasco peace with the latter. (April 28th 1796), Napoleon reorganizes his own authority the political face of the Italy of North. It creates in the north of the Po the République transpadane and in the south of Po the République cispadane.

June 29th, 1797, these two republics were linked to give rise to the Republic cisalpine, to which Brescia, the Mantouan, Ferrare and the Romagna were linked later. Lastly, the new republic still increases, on October 22nd, 1797, of the Valteline and the counties of Chiavenna and Bormio, which had proclaimed (June 19th) their separation and their independence of the Grison Ligues (allied of the Swiss Cantons).

This republic, with Milan for capital, is directed on the French model by a directory of five members assisted of the Large Council. It is in fact a pure and simple emanation of Napoleon Bonaparte. A treaty signed the February 21st 1798 imposes on the republic the maintenance with a French Army of 25.000 men, with a national army of 22.000 men and the payment of 18 million.

The Republic cisalpine is recognized by Austria with the treaties of Campoformio (October 1797), but it disappeared in spring 1799 following the catch from Milan was taken again by the Austro-Russians on April 29th.

Second republic

The second countryside of Italy led, after Marengo (June 14th, 1800) with the re-establishment of the Republic cisalpine (decreased by the area of Pesaro, remained with the Pope, but increased on September 7th, 1800 of the Novarais, detached of the Piedmont). The Traité of Lunéville (February 9th, 1801) fixes its Eastern border on the Adige, with the totality of the town of Vérone.

Re-elected Italian Republic on January 26th, 1802, Bonaparte proclaims president, Melzi of it being vice-president. Cisalpine then hoped to increase in the west, on the side of Piedmont and the State of Parma, Plaisance and Guastalla. The first French Consul decided some differently and, on September 11th, 1802, issued the annexation of Piedmont to the France.

The March 17th 1805, it transforms it this time into Royaume of Italy, from which he becomes king, Eugene de Beauharnais being the viceroy.

The hope of an enlarging was again disappointed when the Emperor decided the annexation of the Ligurie to the Empire. But the victory of Austerlitz (December 2nd, 1805) allowed the annexation - effective the May 1806 - of Venice and of its dependences however that in the south, the countries of Massed, Carrare and Garfagnana were lost by transfer with the principality of Lucques and Piombino.

Thereafter, one saw the annexation of parts of the the Eastern Friuli (area of the Isonzo, November 1807), the annexation of the republic of Raguse (January 1808), of the Marches removed with the pope (May 1808) and of the Trentin lost by the Bavaria (June 1810). But the creation of the Provinces illyriennes (October 1809), attached to the Empire, sealed the loss of the Istrie and the Dalmatie, while the Toscane, Parma and Plaisance (May 1808) and especially the remainder of the Papal States (May 1809) was them also joined together in France.

The kingdom, divided into twenty-four department S, remained until the revolt of at the end of April 1814, the viceroy Eugene de Beauharnais then renonçant to succeed a crown that Napoleon had abdicated a few weeks earlier.

In April 1815, the king of Naples, Joachim Murat, taking the head of an army of release of Italy, re-occupied the parts southernmost and central of the old kingdom of Italy and restores the old departmental administrations there. But as of the next month, after the defeat of its armies with Tolentino (2 May 3rd, 1815), Murat was obliged to withdraw itself in its kingdom, which it had to also leave to him on May 25th to join France.

See too

Gian Battista Sommariva, Lawyer and policy in 1800

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