Rene the Seine (Tweed, 1882 - Paris, October 1st 1954) is a Philosophe French. Psychological Métaphysicien and , it belongs to the spiritualistic current and the philosophy of the values. There remained famous to have founded the Caractérologie French E.

Characterology of Rene the Seine

If the work of Rene the Seine is not limited to its production as regards Caractérologie, the quality of sound Traité Characterology , published in 1945, gave him a notoriety without precedent. But it is with Gaston Berger, which supplemented the model of the Master, that the characterology knew its true success in the public and in many researchers.

The classification of Groningue

Rene the Seine underlines particularly, among all that it exploited for his synthesis, work of two Dutch professors of the university of Groningue about 1910: Gerard Heymans, psychologist and Enno Dirk Wiersma, psychiatrist. As its own treaty which is a masterly development, this work combined an exploitation of the data contained in biographies and that of statistical data relating to an ordinary population.

The “classification of Groningue” is thus the title given by the Seine itself to the initial form and strictly academic of the bases which it develops in his work.

Character according to Rene the Seine

As of the first lines of the introduction of his masterly treaty, Rene the Seine resolutely defines the character as “the whole of the congenital provisions which forms the mental skeleton of a man. ” The author develops and precise good manners this definition somewhat abstract and metaphorical, but he insists above all on the stability which it is necessary to recognize with the character such as it conceives it.

This fixity thus underlined, Rene the Seine then employs the concepts of “personality” or “me” for the partially unforeseeable forms or aspects which the character in a particular destiny can take, i.e. while appearing through events and circumstances or as modulated by the capacity of partial control that he recognizes with the individual vis-a-vis his native data. In his treaty, the philosopher, who is never far from the psychiatrist, on several occasions underlines what the real individual - each man - can plan to make of this character, that the narrow scientific approach would tend to return relentless.

Three constitutive properties

As their name indicates it, the character presents three properties:

  • emotivity ;
  • the activity;
  • the repercussion of the representations (primariness/secondarity) .

If several factors will be detected and introduced later on into the treaty or after him, these three properties are those whose combination at the individuals marks character the most basically.

The extreme combinations, i.e. in which the properties present either their minimum, or their maximum, lead directly to a typology: typology in which nobody should recognize himself but in which each one can be found.

Formulas of the basic types

According to the order of presentation of the treaty, the eight basic types (already worked out by Heymans and Wiersma)) resulting from the combinations of the constitutive properties are:

  • the emotional person-inactive-primary education type named nervous or EnAP ;

  • the emotional person-inactive-secondary type named sentimental or EnAS ;
  • the emotional person-credit-primary education type named coleric or active exuberant or EAP ;
  • the emotional person-credit-secondary type named impassioned or EAS ;
  • the type not emotional person-credit-primary education named blood or realistic or nEAP ;
  • the phlegmatic type not emotional person-credit-secondary named nEAS ;
  • the type not emotional person-not credit-primary education named amorphous or nEnAP ;
  • the type not apathetic emotional person-not credit-secondary named or nEnAS .

It is observed that two by two, these types present two common properties for only one differentiating them. But the proportions are reversed to some extent in the consequences expressed by the character. Indeed, extremely rich descriptions that Rene the Seine makes these types show that a world generally separates two types which are however opposed only by one property.

The essence of the work of Rene the Seine proceeds of his talent to nourish the deductions permitted by its model (and the classification of Groningen) of a multitude of more human elements drawn from its many and perspicacious readings, in particular from Biographie S and diaries or memories. Several of its successors will continue in this way. This community gave rise to the Collection Caractères (PUF), with the clothes industry of Questionnaire S allowing to evaluate the secondary factors (E. Ruail, Gex), to take into account the effects of the character on the exercise of intellect (Maistriaux) or on the graphological characteristics (Rene Resten).

The project caracterologic joined that, more ambitious Biotypologie S, such those of Martiny, Viola, Pende, Mac Auliffe, Sheldon.

Complementary factors

Said “factors of tendencies”, these factors are in periphery of the work of Rene the Seine as they are themselves in periphery of basic typology. Their objectivity is more problematic and their utility is also less manifest. It is important above all to include/understand the basic types even if that can also pass by the consideration of the complementary factors which can sometimes make screen .

The factors presented by Gaston Berger are the following:

  • width of the field of conscience (without immediate relationship with the narrow-mindedness);

  • greed ;
  • the polarity March/Venus ;
  • sensory interests ;
  • tenderness ;
  • intellectual passion .

Gaston Berger published a questionnaire which, associated with its work of initiation, makes it possible each one to be located and to know a little more compared to the typology suggested by the Caractérologie néerlando-Frenchwoman.

Works

  • Obstacle and value , Paris, F. Sapwood 1934
  • the discovery of God , Paris, Sapwood, 1955
  • Treated of general morals , Paris, university Presses of France, 1961
  • the duty , Paris, university Presses of France, 1949
  • Treated characterology , Paris, university Presses of France, 1945
  • Introduction to philosophy , Paris, University Presses of France, 1949
  • the lie and the character , Paris, F. Alcan, 1930
  • It intended personal , Paris, Flammarion 1951

References

  • Gaston Shepherd, Note on the life and work of Rene the Seine , Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1956

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