Relations between Islam and the other religions

Andalusia

Interreligieux dialog

With Buddhism

The expansion of Islam is the cause of the disappearance of the Bouddhisme in Bactriane - south of the Ouzbékistan and the Tadjikistan and the North-West of the current Afghanistan - in Indonesia and it gave the blow of thanks to its presence, already peacefully started by the Hindouisme in the Indian Sous-continent.

With the zoroastrism

The expansion of Islam is the cause of the reduction in the community Pârsî zoroastrienne migrating of the Perse towards the India. The latter settles first of all with the Goujerat, then is again pushed back and settles in the Maharashtra. However according to Coran any converted person of force can return to her religion of origin thus then the zoroastriens were protected, currently in Iran (Persian). In addition the minority religions are protected, there is a deputy representing the community of the zoroastriens which sits at the Parliament (in Iran). However their population is threatened because they marry only between them. Projects between India and Iran to join together this community present in Iran and India are in hand to avoid their extinction.

With the bahaïsme

In Iran, the bahá' ís according to the times ignored or are persecuted. However, in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, they are scorned (regarded as apostates).

With the Judaism

Islam has an ambivalent position with regard to the Judaism and of the Jews. Coran recognizes the filiation of Islam with the Jewish religion and one finds there quotations benevolent with regard to the Jews. With contrario one also finds in the coran passages who protest violently against the Jews who did not recognize Mahomet as prophet without these verses being able to be generalizable with the whole of the Jews. Equipped with the statute of Dihmmis in their capacity as “people of the book” which institutionalized their legal inferiority compared to the Moslems. The Jews knew very diverse situations according to the places and the times. The tolerance having course with Al Andalus allowed the blossoming of the culture Sépharade which radiated in everyone Mediterranean. A tolerance which was not any more setting during the invasions Almoravide then Almohade of the Iberian peninsula. Later, the Othomans accommodated with open arms the expelled Jews sépharades of Spain following the decree of expulsion of 1492 (see the Histoire of the Jews in Salonique). In other places the Jews were confronted with waves of persecution. Thus the Juifs of Yemen were summoned at the 12th century to convert with Islam by the Shiites zaidists dominating Yemen. At one more recent time one can quote the case of Meched in Iran where all the Jews were forced to convert in the middle of the 19th century (see the Histoire of the Jews in Turkménistan). These cases of forced conversion were nevertheless relatively rare, the Moslem capacities being generally satisfied to apply to the Jews the statute of dhimmis with more or less of rigor according to the times.

It is allowed to the Moslems to consume food Cacher which is regarded as de facto hallal.

Islam having appeared after the Judaism, the Jewish religious texts practically do not make mention there, however the purity of the Islamic monotheism is recognized. So that the Halakha makes it possible to the Jews to penetrate in a Mosquée whereas it prohibits the entry in the churches presented like places of idolatry.

With Christianity

In the countries with Moslem majority, the Christian communities even in the past established (Assyrian, Copte S, etc) are in constant relative regression even if Islam recommends to respect them and to let them practice their religion in peace. Coran indicates indeed: “Certainly, those which believed, those which were judaïsés, Nazaréens, and Sabéens, whoever of them believed in Allah, at Day last and achieved good works, will be rewarded by its Lord; he will not test any fear and he will never be afflicted. ”. (Coran, II, 62)

Jesus is not crucifié according to Islam; two explanations to that, complementary one of the other: Being prophet, like Mahomet, Jesus is protected by Allah; it by him (“God, God, why did you cannot be given up give up me? ”, Jesus request before dying, in the Gospels); then, if one replaces the Crucifixion of Jesus in his context, Jesus was cruxifié, after being denounced with the Romans by the Jewish sacerdotal caste of the Temple, mainly because Jesus regarded himself as being “Sons of God”, which is a blasphemy in the Judaism, a blasphemy of idolatry, pagan, polytheist, because it associates another name with that of God. Out, this blasphemy, which led Jesus to the Crucifixion, is precisely the same one in Islam. For Islam, Jesus is a prophet, and only one prophet, and not the “Sons of God”, as Christianity considers it. For this precise reason, Islam regards Christianity as polytheist, and the Jesus according to the Coran is not the same one as that of the Gospels.

With the Copte S

In original Islam and according to the tradition of the prophet it is recommended to respect the Christian religion and the Christians and to thus enable them to practice their religion freely. In Egypt in the school handbooks, each time the name of Jesus is mentioned, it is current to see used the titles of usual honor and respect in Islam for an important prophet. They are frequently the same titles as those which the Christians use.

It is called have-Sayyed (“Sieur”) or even Sayyedna (“our Master”) like Al-Masih (“the Messiah”).
Its name is always followed by a sentence similar to that coupled to the prophets in the Islamic tradition ( `alahi have-salâm - “peace is with him”) since he is regarded as one of the prophets former to Mahomet in the Moslem tradition.
the apostles are also described as “Al-hawâriyyoun” which means the companions of Jesus “peace on him”
the birth of Christ is regarded as a great religious development in the history. All the terms used to describe the message of Jesus-Christ very positive and are also used in Islam: “It called with peace, the love of god and of the men, with fraternity and the tolerance…”

Islam and the “religions non-monotheists”

Mahomet, the Prophet, proscribed in his time any idolatry of Mecque. That is the result of a proven irrefutable fact: the apostle, the policy and the legislator, Mohamet thus succeeds, by the force of the things, with the warrior.

Under the pretext of the Holy war ( Jihâd ), number of them launched out to the attack of the Indian territory, benefitting from the military weakness and the division of the Hindu clans (711-712, invasion of Sind by the Arabs; end of Xe century, beginning of the Moslem invasions of India).

It should be noted that the Nirgun Brahman of the Hindus (“Absolute (God) without form”, literally) shows that the hindouism is at the same time Polythéiste, Monothéiste, Panthéiste and Panenthéiste. With the result that Islam does not bring anything, métaphysiquement speaking, with the Hindus. For the Hindus, Islam is him-also polytheist, because of the angels which play a significant part there: in the same way, like the angels of the religions strictly monotheists, the god Agni, god of fire and fire itself, is in the hindouism one of the gods privileged between the world of divine and that of the men.

Islam and African religions

In “Black Africa”, the penetration of Islam is done starting from XIè century. The simplicity of conversion (the proclamation of the faith) facilitates this diffusion, the more so as it agrees better than the other religions to the local habits (the Polygamie for example) and than it makes it possible to be freed from the local despots.

The Hadith S are regarded by certain Islamic theologists as energy in the direction of an application of the Capital punishment in the event of apostasy:

That which changes religion, kill it.

It is interdict to build churches on the territory of the Saudi Arabia, under penalty of profaning the ground of the prophet. But that remains a law specific to this country more than one Moslem command. Indeed one finds churches in practically all the country has strong Moslem concentration (North Africa, Middle-East… etc).

Tolerance

Verses which recommend to the Moslems a way of being in times of peace and in the event of external aggression or intern… this says much knowingly make the amalgam or by ignorance.

Dhimmi

Dhimmi qualifies the statute granted nonto the Moslem in a space controlled by the Moslems.

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