Reinhold Glière

Reinhold Moritsevitch Glière (in) was born the December 30th 1874 (January 11th 1875 according to the Gregorian Calendrier) with Kiev and died the June 23rd 1956 with Moscow.

It was a type-setter postromantic Russian, then Soviet, of German origin .

Biography

His/her mother, Josephine Korczak (1852 - 1937), was Polish and its father, Moritz Glier (1834 - 1896), a factor of wind instruments, came from an old family saxonne. Moritz Glier was a musician of very good level and extremely general-purpose since he played - inter alia - Flûte, Clarinette, horn and trumpet. It transmitted its artistic gifts to his children: the older brother of Reinhold, Moritz, was an excellent violoncellist and his/her Cesja sister played of the piano. Reinhold had as of its more young age the violin like instrument of predilection. At the end of its secondary studies it entered to the Music school of Kiev, where it had as professor celebrates it Czech violonist Otokar Ševčik. It studied the violin and the composition there during three years before being accepted, in 1894, with the prestigious Conservatoire of Moscow. It had studied there under the supervision of the pedagogs of great reputation. Its professors of composition and theoretical matters were Mikhaïl Ippolitov-Ivanov, Anton Arenski, Georgi Konyus, Johann Hrimaly and Sergueï Taneïev. In 1900, it crowned its studies with the Academy by the diploma and a gold medal in composition with a opera - Oratorio in an act, the Sky and the Earth , inspired by a text of Lord Byron ( Earth and Heaven ).

On the recommendation of Serguei Taneïev, Reinhold Glière had two pupils: Sergueï Prokofiev and Nikolaï Miaskovski.

Before even the end of its studies, Glière had been already tested with all the great musical genres (except perhaps for the Ballet and the instrumental Concerto), which fascinated it throughout its career. It thus composed its First Sextet with cords COp 7 (1898), dedicated to Taneïev, the First String quartet COp 2 (1899), the Octuor with cords COp 5 (1900), dedicated to Hrimaly, and the First Symphony COp 8 (1899 - 1900). At its exit of the Academy of Moscow, Glière taught at the Gnessin School of music of Moscow.

In 1905, it left for a stay two years to Berlin where it studied with the type-setter and leader Oskar Fried. It wrote there its Second Symphony COp 25 (1907) and dedicated it to another leader of reputation, Sergei Koussevitzky, which directed work with the Philharmonic orchestra of Berlin the following year. In 1908, of return to Moscow, Glière made its first public appearance as leader at the time of the execution of its Sirènes COp 33. In 1910, it published its Third Symphony , monumental the Ilya Mourometz , dedicated to Alexandre Glazounov.

In 1913, it returned to Kiev to teach there with the academy. It took the load of the class of composition, of which he became director the following year and kept his station until after the revolution of 1917.

As from 1920, he taught the composition with the academy of Moscow during 20 years. It thus formed a great number of type-setters, among whom Aram Khatchatourian, Lev Knipper, Boris Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Davidenko and Aleksandr Mosolov, like two famous Ukrainian artists, Boris Liatochinski and Levko (Lev) Revoutski.

Reinhold Glière was president of the Steering Committee of the Union of the Type-setters of Moscow of 1938 to 1948, escaping the censure from the period from post-war period and was really covered with honors of which the Artist of the People of the the USSR in 1938 and three Prix Stalin - the first in 1946 for its single Concerto for soprano colorature and orchestra , of a which charms beauty. It was interested enormously in the music of the many people of the Soviet Union, supporting the regional musical development and writing works which used various folk idioms, in particular in Azerbaïdjan and Ouzbékistan. A result of this work was the opera Shakh Senem COp 69 (1923), which was given to Bakou in 1934 Azeri in language E.

Reinhold Glière is buried with the Cimetière of Novodevitchi in Moscow.

Its work and style

There is not a doubt that works under Ballet the red Poppy (its revolutionary ballet popular COp 70,1927), For the happiness of the motherland (1942) and solemn Ouverture for the twentieth birthday of the revolution of October COp 72 (1937), facilitated the way to him. But the style of composition of Glière had already become ripe in the last years of the nineteenth century; its musical work is firmly anchored in the great Russian tradition. It was proud to succeed it great figures such as Glinka, Tchaïkovski, Rimski-Korsakov and Borodine; he was also a faithful disciple of Taneïev and Arenski and his contemporaries of the former generation. The romantic style of Glière was worth to him to be accepted as well the authorities tsarists as Soviet, causing a certain resentment among the many type-setters who suffered with the hands from the Soviet mode. No one was thus surprised only several of its works - be symphonic poems Sirènes , COp 33 (1908), the Third Symphony , devoted to the legend of the Russian medieval hero (bogatyr) llya Mouromets, COp 42 (1911), and the First Sextet with cords, COp 1 (1898), - gain the prestigious Glinka price, decreed by a jury made up of personalities they that Rimski-Korsakov, Glazounov and Liadov.

The leader Leopold Stokowski, which directed the Third Symphony to many recoveries to the United States, saw in it a monument with the Slavic culture.

By the red Poppy Glière was one of the pioneers of the Soviet dramatic ballet. Its career was completed besides with two ballets, the Rider of bronze , COp 89 (1949), based on a long poem of Alexandre Pouchkine, and Tarass Boulba, COp 92 (1952), inspired of the Nouvelle éponyme of Nicolas Gogol. Among its instrumental concertos, the Concerto for voice (soprano colorature) and orchestrates (1943) holds the attention particularly.

External bonds

dedicated, very complete Page
List of the compositions
the type-setter and the list of the compositions
the type-setter and the list of the compositions

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