The term registers (term of Provence coming from the Greek κατάστιχον), or a word connected étymologiquement, is found in many languages. Although the French dictionaries call registers a document drawing up the state of the land and buildings of a territory, the term registers applies also sometimes to the computerized systems having the same object, to the organization charged to maintain these documents or information systems or even to work of ground leading to the constitution of these documents or information systems.

History of the land register

To know the extent and the nature of the goods of each one, to make the evaluation of it, very quickly proves necessary in order to set out again equitably the land tax. It is the origin of the institution registers, going back to highest Antiquity. A clay shelf going back to 2300 before J.C and giving the dimensioned plan, the surface, the description of a group of pieces, was found in Telloh in the Arabian desert.

With the the Middle Ages, the land register has as an aim the establishment of the size in the provinces. Descriptive and estimated registers of the property called Polyptyque, Pouillé, Book burrow, Censier, ecclesiastical Cartulaire… ; accompanied sometimes by elementary plans, very variable quality according to the regions, giving information on the compartmental state: surfaces, owners, references to the article of censif and strongholds concerned.

In France, until the revolution of 1789, the land register preserves a primarily local character in spite of various attempts. Charles VII, Louis XIV, Louis XV, consider in turn the project of a regular land register, bases of a coherent and regular tax system. But the shortage of finances, the defect of instruments and improved methods, resistances of large vassal, the disparity of the provinces ruin these attempts. The land register, such as France knows it, single and centralized, dated September 15th, 1807, created starting from the definite “register-type” the November 2nd 1802.

The first European graphic land register dates from the 18th century in the Duché of Savoy: the Sardinian maps.

Types of land register

Legal land register

The land register provides the proof of the property and the acquired rights on this one. One finds it in the Germanic countries and Switzerland.

Tax land register

Base for the tax on land. France, Belgium, Portugal, China, Mongolia

Register French

Legal aspect

In France, the land register has value only Fisc ale, since it is used as a basis for calculation of the Tax on land. It does not have a legal authenticity, the property within the meaning of the right being fixed by plans of land surveying and the demarcations establish by the geometrician-experts. However, for lack of documents (graphic in particular), it can prove to be a presumption of proof of the property.

Also let us announce that in the old duchy of Savoy, the first local land register (of which the cartographic illustrations are called Sardinian Mappes ), drawn up between 1750 and 1770, also received legal authenticity because of its establishment according to a contradictory procedure.

Presentation

The French land register, bench mainly of the scale 1:500 on the scale 1:5000, remains the intellectual property of the Head office of the Taxes (DGI, Bureau F1), a service of the administration of finances. It is divided into communes, each commune itself being subdivided in sections , and each section in boards . Each board figure one or more pieces , indivisible unit of the land and buildings.

Actual position

The current land register is in a state very diverse. Certain sections, with single letters, go back to several decades and are vague, at the same time geographically (topographic elements evil placed) and fiscally (inaccurate limits). These sections were elaborate of 1930 to approximately 1960, often starting from the cadrastal map " napoléonien" , itself established between 1807 and 1850. Other boards, on the other hand, made as from 1960, have an excellent geometry.

The DGI launched in 2002 a national project of digitalization of the whole of the boards of the French land register ( dematerialization ). This operation (known as Computerized NCV or Cadrastal map) which often proceeds in partnership with the local government agencies (NCV-Vector), sometimes without their assistance (NCV Image) and in this last case by simple scannage should end in 2006. From the December 28th, 2007, it should lead to the consultation of the plan on Internet on the www.cadastre.gouv.fr site. But the DGI will preserve the intellectual property of the land register, as well on the graphic data as the literal data; these last are confidential besides (see the site of CNIL).

For several years, in partnership with the CDIF (centers of the taxes on land), certain communes had called upon the professionals of the Géomatique to undertake a digitalization even a vectorization of their land register (it acts of the " NCV Vecteur" whose graphic charter meets standard EDIGEO), in order to use it as reference frame in their Geographical Information system (SIG). The Département of the Apple-brandy carried out a departmental digitalization, associated with the “handing-over in geometry” (retiming) on a Orthophotographie.

In the Alsace-Moselle, the majority of the communes have numerical land registers inherited the German administration. They have the characteristic to allow the calculation of each one of these points, because all the points are with dimensions. They offer a very good precision because they are freed from the misreading of the paper documents.

Notes and references of the article

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