Regiment

France

Old Mode

In France, the first regiments appeared at the 16th century. The bands of infantry which existed until there are replaced by a more structured and durable unit, which was necessary to the establishment of a national standing army. The function of Colonel and those of the Capitaine S ordering the companies were loads sold or yielded by the king to the nobility. These regiments, until in 1762, include/understand four Bataillon S of each one seventeen companies, and generally a prévôté.
Following the War Seven Year old, the duke of Choiseul new Minister for the war, reduced their number, and by removing the venality of the load of Captain, reduced the number of companies with nine by Battalion. In 1776, a new reform duplicates the existing regiments which have now two Bataillon S.

An order of precedence existed between the various regiments of this period, based on their seniority; one distinguished in particular:

five Old men:

Regiment of Picardy
Regiment of Piedmont
Regiment of Champagne Navarre
Regiment
Regiment of Normandy

little old woman:

Revolution and Empire

By the decree of the August 18th 1790, by reaction to the monarchical use to name the regiments according to their owners, the Constituante substitutes for the old names of the regiments a sequence number, based on the seniority of this one.

And in 1793, to perfect fusion between the royal ex-army and the national guard, resulting from the levy in masse, one amalgamates by the law of the National Convention of the February 21st 1793, with each Bataillon of the white regiments, two blue Bataillon S of volunteers, giving rise to the Half-brigade S of battle, which one entrusts to the chiefs of brigades, resulting from the row which replace the Officier S superiors, of which much emigrated. The half-brigade comprises moreover a voluntary artillery company of six parts of 4 pounds been useful by 64 Canonnier S. a law of the May 7th 1795 removes half of these parts.

In 1796, following a recasting of manpower because of the engagements and especially of the desertion, one gathers the Half-brigade S of battle in news Half-brigade S:

of Infanterie of line which is articulated into two Bataillon S of seven combat companies of Fusilier S and two of elite (pomegranate S and acrobat S), and a battalion of deposit to form the new recruits with four companies.
of light Infanterie which is articulated into two Bataillon S of combat with seven companies of hunter S and two of elite (Carabiniers and acrobat S), and a battalion of deposit with four companies.

The law of the January 25th 1798 removes regimental artillery definitively. Napoleon restores in 1803, old names of regiment and Colonel . The imperial decree of the February 18th 1808 fixes a new payment for the French Infanterie and a new organization for the regiment of infantry, which tries to homogenize this one. In practice, this reform could never be carried out in the long term and two types of units coexist until in 1814.

The regiment of infantry, whether it is of line or light, must include/understand:

a staff including/understanding 1 colonel, 1 major, 4 majors, 5 executive officers, 1 leading seaman treasurer, 1 officer payer, 1 carry-eagle, 1 army surgeon, 4 assistant-surgeons, 5 junior assistants, 10 adjudants warrant officers, one 2nd and 3rd carry-eagles, 1 drum major, 1 corporal drum, 8 musicians, 4 foremen.
four Battalion S of war with six companies including two of elite (pomegranate S, or Police officer S in the Infantry of line and acrobat S) and four of the center (Fusilier S, in Infantry of line and hunter S, in the light Infantry). Each company includes/understands 1 captain, 1 lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 1 quartermaster-sergeant, 4 sergeants, 1 corporal-furrier, 8 corporals, 121 privates and 2 drums, is 140 men.
a Battalion of deposit with four companies.

Theoretical manpower is of 3970 men including 108 officers. In 1809, to try to compensate for the reduction in value of the troop, a new decree organizes a company regimental Artillerie with four Austrian parts of 3 books, 60 artillerists and 60 men of the train of Artillerie; this reform, like the other, was applied in a very unequal way.

The Countryside of Russia, by its appalling losses, causes the appearance of blackjack new regiments numbered starting from number 135 until 156 the, resulting ones from the Cohorte S of the national guard and the anticipated integration of the conscripts of the classes 1813 and 1814, the Marie-Louises . In spite of their bravery and the skill of Napoleon i, nothing can stop the walk of the troops of the Europe united and the invasion of the France in 1814.

The First Restoration, by preoccupation with national accord and a lack of time, limits its reforms to cosmetic measurements: renumerotation of regiments, to eliminate the phantom numbers, bringing back their number to 90, attribution of names recalling the royalty to the ten first. But, after the adventure of the Hundred Days, during which the army had very easily joined with Napoleon, the second decides the pure and simple dismissal of the old imperial army and the creation of new units.

19th century

This new army is basic territorial, according to the new laws of conscription of Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, each department provides a departmental Légion of infantry , that is to say 89, to three Bataillon S of local recruitment. But this reform, which wants to be as revolutionary as that of 1793, made failure. The Préfet S are unable to raise the three Bataillon S required, and as of 1820, the Légion S secondary roads, become again of the regiments recruited at the national level and indicated by a number. They are again ventilated between Infanterie of line, 64 and light, 20 regiments. To this are added four Swiss regiments and the legion then regiment of Hohenlohe. The arrival of the Monarchy of July of Louis Philippe, then of the Second Republic brings a light increase in their number, one passes to 75 regiments of line and 25 light, and especially the appariton of new units resulting from the Colonisation of the Algérie, namely two regiments of Zouaves, of the Bataillon S of riflemen and a foreign legion which forms as of 1835 two regiments. In parallel, the Duc of Orleans creates before its death a new light infantry, the hunters with foot which form not enrégimentés battalions.

Napoleon III in 1854 consequently removed the distinction between the infantry of line and light, giving rise to 100 regiments of infantry , those of Zouaves was now four, to which three of Tirailleur S Algerian and two of Foreign legion were added. These regiments are composed of three Bataillon S to six company of war and one of deposit.

The Third Republic

After the defeat of 1870, the army is reorganized again, by amalgamating the sunken elements of captivity with the army raised in 1871, after the capitulation of Sedan and in 1875, the installation of the universal military service and either by drawing lot, 144 regiments of infantry are formed, supported by 30 Bataillon S of hunters to foot. These regiments are of four Bataillon S of four companies, but in 1887, they are reorganized into three, giving rise to 18 additional regiments, increasing the number of regiments of active to 162, then 163 in 1891 and 173 in 1914. In the same way, one organizes reserves, each regiment duplicating oneself in time of war, giving rise to another whose number is increased by 200. It is with these structures that the France approached the First World War. Some regiments only were created during this one in 1915 (174e, 175e and 176e IH then 401e with the 421e), but several disappeared even in 1916, the contribution as new conscripts hardly compensating for the losses. In 1935, by decree, one reorganizes the responsibility while giving the chiefs of police, commanders a administrative Formation, the responsibility for the administration of their formation.

Regiment of walk

A unit is known as " of marche" when it is formed starting from elements of other units; in practice, that generally results from too heavy losses in the units of origin, but that can also result from a rallying local of smaller units. The regiments of walk are normally dissolves at the conclusion of their mission, but there exist exceptions to the longer lifespan, the such Régiment of walk of the Foreign legion or the Régiment of walk of Chad

The United Kingdom

Germany

The United States of America

Russia

See too

Internal bonds

France: List of the French regiments - French Regiments of Old Mode
the United Kingdom: List of the British regiments

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