Biological regeneration
The regeneration is the entitié faculty of one alive (cell, Organe, Organisme, Super-organization, ecosystem.) to reconstitute itself after destruction of part of this entity.Regeneration can relate to
- cells, bodies or functional parts of certain living beings.
- of the organizations animal, vegetable, fungic or microbial.
- of the animal simple organizations, which regenerate (examples generally easily: Anemone, starfish, Hydre,…). simple
- of the organizations (or more complexes) vegetable
Certain complex animal organizations (known as “higher” regenerate some their bodies after amputation. For example a leg amputated by Triton is entirely regenerated. In the evolved/moved animals with cold blood, they are often the locomotor members (triton) or the tail (Lézard) who can push back but not vital bodies like the brain, the heart, the liver, lungs etc In the warm-blooded animals, the skin is regenerated particularly well, but not the vital bodies. The nerves are seldom regenerated in the warm-blooded animals (except the olfactive Nerf?). Many studies carry on the “cells totipotentes” and original cells, aiming at dévelolopper possibilities of regeneration at the Man, but they are heurent with many difficulties, techniques, biological, but also Bio-ethics S.
Ecological Régnération
The ecosystem S generally can to a certain extent and with certain times also to regenerate itself, in a process known as of ecological Résilience implying the species pionnières in particular (Bactérie S, Algue S, Champignon S and Lichen S, then Mousse S and Végétation pionnière, then Strates herbaceous and raised.) who play to some extent a first part of stabilization and cicatrization of the Système after a Perturbation. A Prairie scrappée or burned by a fire can be regenerated in a few years, whereas one needs several thousands of year for a wet tropical forest to find its former composition.Some practical forestry known as “ close to nature ” (ex: Prosilva), rather than to plant trees resulting from Seedbed S by losing the advantages of the Natural selection and the genetic Diversité encourages natural regeneration; either after a Coupe shaves of moderated size, or via a management step by step or in bouquet or this regeneration is done spontaneously in the perforated clear ones left by the exploitation.
In the forest field
The general concept of “regeneration forest” indicates for the forest , the whole of the spontaneous natural processes and the strategies and forestry techniques of restoration of a forest cover. Two types of situations are possible, with different stakes:
- regeneration afterwards after cut shaves of a piece forest or during other types of exploitation *
- regeneration after regression or disappearance of the forest following a risk of the type Tempête, Incendie, Tsunami, Landslide, serious Pollution, disease, intense pressure of hervivores, etc
-
the “natural Régénération” more specifically indicates the processes of spontaneous regeneration of forest cover;
La dormancy of seeds or the inhibition of the growth of seedlings are raised by the death or the cut of the trees before present, or by the opening of the Canopée (the light penetrating better to the ground), water being more available following the stop of pumping by the evapotranspiration of the trees before present).
La natural regeneration allows and explains to some extent the ecological Résilience of the ecosystem forest.
Elle can be prevented or braked by the impoverishment of the soil (by a building site of cut or the machines dockers), but also by “surdensities” of animals such as Lapin S, Cervidé S, Sanglier S (supported by their nourrissage in forest and the disappearance of their predatory natural).
Les forest uses sometimes the expression of “éséquilibre sylvo-hunting” to describe the rates of acceptable herbivores per hectare of forest, which strongly vary according to the edaphic conditions of biological productivity (climate, ground).
See too
External bonds
- Conference of P Branch on the dynamics of the terrestrial ecosystems
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