Regency (1715-1723)

The Regency (1715-1723) , in French history, refers to one period of Régence founded to died of Louis XIV because of too the young age of its designated heir: Louis XV, which is only 5 years old. This period is remarkable by its progressionism but weakens the credibility of the State, and finishes officially in the majority of Louis XV, but a “political regency” continues.

This period is marked by the seizure of power by Philippe of Orleans to the detriment of the Duc of Maine, which involves a certain agitation of Cour; by the agreement and the division of the absolute capacity between Regent, nobility and members of Parliament; by the system innovating, but finally disappointing of the Polysynodie; and finally by the system of Law, its success to cleanse the Finance S of the State, but its final collapse. One can also note the maritime audacity but too little supported, the action of the Cardinal Dubois, as well as the beginnings of the future Cardinal Fleury.

Origins

Will of Louis XIV

  • September 1st, 1715: Died of Louis XIV, reading of the will.
  • While waiting for that the duke of Anjou, future Louis XV, becomes major to reign Louis XIV designates his/her son the duke of Maine, bastard legitimated, the real capacity ( “regency” ).
  • And with the duke Of Orleans: the load, purely honorary, of “president of the council of regency”.

Takeover (2 seven 1715)

September 2nd 1715: Cassation partial of the Will (alliance of the Parliament of Paris and Philippe of Orleans) .
Before the death of Louis XIV, Philippe of Orleans agrees on an alliance with the Parlement of Paris, as follows:
  • September 2nd: It obtains its support to be proclaimed Régent of the kingdom (1715-1723) and effective holder of the capacity (during the minority of the young person Louis XV).
  • September 15th, 1715: It restores at the Parliament its Droit of remonstrance
  • October 1st, 1715: Polysynodie , the Ministres of the king are replaced by Conseils ( “synodie” ).

Philippe of Orleans is regent, the members of Parliament have an increased capacity, and the Ministres of the king are replaced by Conseils ( “synodie” ) in which the nobility Re takes part in the political life by the councils.

Regency (1715-1723)

From now on appointed the Regent , the Duc Of Orleans proceeds to good number of political changes - laws and policy options -, these principal actions being:
  • Modification of alliances
  • System de Law improving the situation of the national debts.
  • Increase in freedoms and legitimation of the Parliament.
  • Laws nun (Jansénisme, etc)

First years of Regency

Installation of Regency

Figures of Regency: Philippe of Orleans and the Dubois Cardinal

  • Philippe, Duke Of Orleans
  • Cardinal Dubois

The “liberal” period of Regency (seven 1715/sept 1718): the Polysynodie

Organization of Polysynodie

Composition and the work of the council of Polysynodie

Disappearance of Polysynodie

Public finances and the experiment of Law (1716-1720)

Public finances

System de Law ( “Tired” )

See: John Law, System de Law

Foreign policy

Alliances

Reverse alliances: approaches England to the detriment of Spain of Philippe V, a relative and competitor heir, being able all the more legitimately to claim the French throne if the young person Louis XV dies.
Suit a war (1719 - 1720), gained by the Quadruple Alliance, constraining Philippe V of Spain to more humility …

Trade and Colonies

After official Regency

In February 1723, at 13 years, the minority of Louis XV takes fin : the king is major, Regency ceases. Philippe of Orleans continues to ensure the reality of the capacity, initially through the cardinal Dubois, Prime Minister (1722-1723) then directly, with died of Dubois (August 22nd 1723). It is made appoint Prime Minister, station which it will occupy until his death on December 2nd 1723.

With died of Philippe of Orleans, it is unpopular the Duc of Bourbon which succeeds to him (1724 - 1726), then the Cardinal of Fleury (1726 - 1743), both continuing the same international policy overall.

Chronology of Regency 1715 - 1723

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