Refusal

The refusal is it not consideration of part of reality.

Blindness

The act of refusal refuses to deal with some Perception S: a fragment, possibly important, reality, is seen completely been unaware of; the person who denies comprises as if this reality did not exist simply, whereas it perceives it.

To describe such a screening supposes a consensus as for reality, consensus less obvious than it appears to with it (not to be thought would be this only with the Solipsisme). It is that the refusal is used like signs semiological, therefore allowing the diagnosis; it appears often obvious, more especially as it can relate to what the person should know precisely well.

The refusal is primarily in the Psychose.

Psychic principle

If it could seem commonplace, even dangerous, to compare the person who denies with the dreamer who, for a given time, gives up perception, it is however the model which the Métapsychologie proposes. The dreamer gives up in fact to adapt to the situation, it is not more reactive. Certain perceptions will influence well the dream (they, in a sense, are thus perceived) but the dreamer will integrate them like elements of his scenario.

The refusal rests on the Pleasure principle. Reality causes displeasure is denied in order to preserve a minimal excitation of psychism - all that could cause dissatisfaction sees refusing the assumption of responsibility. This psychic principle is with work in the Primary process, from where the comparison with the dream, that one cannot however regard as refusal - the dream is normal process.

The refusal is specified by the regression of psychic operation to the pleasure principle, during the day before. The person is not deadened, it acts as if it took into account all the elements, and however puts some on side of them.

Splitting of the ego

Sigmund Freud describes the psychotic like crossed into two : part of the Me denies reality, the other not.

Refusal in other pathologies

The Névrose, in theory, does not have recourse to the refusal but to only the Dénégation, less violent Mechanism of defense, and although there is negation of reality in the neurosis (for example, in the beginning of the analysis of the Man with the rats, Freud included/understood his/her father as alive whereas it had died - the Man with the rats behaves as if this father always lived).

There can be refusal in other pathologies - the fetishistic for example denies the castration. Pathologies known as Border line can present certain refusals. A death in the family could for example be completely striped speech. The refusal is also the first stage of the psychological Deuil.

Historical refusal

The refusal of the Histoire is part of the Révisionisme and Négationnisme. Certain people and certain states (whose for example Turkish government with respect to the massacres genocidary of the Armenians) practice the refusal compared to the genocides, massacres or events similar clerk during the XXe century.

Simple: Denial

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