Refugee

International law

According to the Relative convention with the statute of the refugees of 1951 and the Protocol relating to the statute of the refugees of 1967, the countries must grant asylum to the refugees and cannot force a refugee to turn over in his country of origin. However, of many countries do not take into account this treaty: at December 1st, 2006, 147 countries are signatories of which members of the G8 and the China.

In a general way, 17 countries (the Australia, the Benign , the Brazil, the Burkina Faso, the Canada, the Chile, the Denmark, the Finland, the Iceland, the Ireland, the Netherlands, the New Zealand, the Norway, the Sweden, the Swiss , the the United Kingdom and the the United States) accommodate regularly a quota of refugees coming from places such as refugee camps . Generally, they are people having fled the Guerre. These last years, from many refugees resulting from these quotas came from Iraq and Iran (which knew various conflicts - Guerre S and Révolution S) as well as Ex-Yugoslavia (Guerres in ex-Yugoslavia).

Flüchtlinge , Vertriebene , Aussiedler , Umsiedler

The German language distinguishes between two categories of refugees, the , which fled of a country towards another, and the , which were driven out of a country towards another. The are as for them the refugees " ethniquement allemands" (according to the German Law of the return ). Are Volksdeutsche (German ethnic) moved of force by Germany Nazi of the territories where they lived (the South-Tyrol, Baltic States, Romania etc) towards the Third Reich.

Mouhadjirin, Muhacir and Mouhadjir

The first Mouhadjhirin were the companions of the prophet Mohammed, therefore the Moslem first , which fled with him (Hégire) the town of Mecque, where they had become personae not gratae for the political authorities dominated by the polytheists, to join that of Médine.

The Muhacir are Turks " ethniques" and other Moslems, mainly originating in the Balkans, the the Caucasus and Central Asia, which was accommodated in Turkey as refugees coming from countries previously dominated by an Islamic regime (Ottoman Empire, khanats of Khiva and Bukhara, Chetchnia etc).

The Mohadjir are Moslem refugees of the Republic of India who settled with the Pakistan (which included at the time current the Bangladesh) after the partition of 1947.

Organizations taking charges the refugees with them

It is the Office of the High Commission of the United Nations for the refugees (UNHCR or HCR in French-speaking space) which is elected by UNO to take care of the refugees.

In France, it is the French Office of protection of the refugees and stateless people (OFPRA) which is charged to rule on the quality of refugee or Apatride. It is also given the responsability to ensure a legal protection and administrative the refugees.

Many refugees

The UNHCR estimates that at the end of the 2006, there was a total of 21 018 589 people concerned with her competence in the world |- | The Middle East || 2 580 638 |- | Southeast Asia || 2 974 316 |- | Central Asia || 218 584 |- | South Asia || 1 304 189 |- | East Asia and the Pacific || 901 525 |- bgcolor=" gray" | Total Asia || 7 979 251 |- | Eastern Europe || 1 617 214 |- | Europe of South-east || 708 132 |- | Central Europe and Baltic States || 616 132 |- | Western Europe || 1 798 914 |- bgcolor=" gray" | Total Europe || 4 740 392 |- | Africa central and Large Lakes || 1 359 175 |- | Eastern Africa and Horn of Africa || 2 105 314 |- | Western Africa || 1 031 030 |- | Southern Africa || 434 427 |- | North Africa || 139 177 |- bgcolor=" gray" | Total Africa || 5 069 123 |- | North America and in the the Caribbean || 717 545 |- | South America || 2 512 277 |- bgcolor=" gray" | Total America || 3 229 822 |}

Refugees of the XXe century

At the time of the cold war, request asylums came especially from the Eastern European countries. But for these last years, one has attended a " mondialisation" phenomenon of the political refugees. Everywhere burst of the conflicts of borders, the civil wars or the wars of liberation. Dictatorial modes or religious fanaticisms fatally involve the resistance of the minorities victims of repression. The multiplication of these neuralgic points makes flow of all shares exiled pursued by the capacity in place or ruined by the destruction.

Reference

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