Referee (football)

A referee of Football is the person who directs the course of a meeting of this sport, assisted of two referees assistants and a fourth referee in certain matches. It applies competences and obligations which grants to him the Loi 5 of football.

The arbitration is still not professional in France, even if the referees are trained and controlled régulièrment. They receive an allowance for each match, this one increasing to a significant degree at the national level. There exists however in certain countries a number limited referees which can officer in various divisions; they can thus be employed full-time by their national federation and receive a formation; that is held in general in the professional championships.

The referees who are retained for international competitions are selected by FIFA.

Competences and obligations of the referee

See Law 5 of football .

History

At the time of the genesis of the play, one counted on the fair play of the players for the good behavior of the parts. The arbitration was then the fact of the two captains. The fathers of the play considered indeed that a fault could not be intentional… This pious vow of fair play and self-management was utopian, many parts degenerated indeed as of this moved back time. Also, as of 1847 with Eton, perhaps front, two “ umpires ” supervises the goals, which do not have nets yet. In Winchester, in 1847 also, one even specifies that one of the umpires must have a watch and call the half-time and the end of the match. Harrow further goes (in 1847 still) while making the decisions arbitration final, thus dispossessing the captains of their old capacities in this field. In 1849 with Cheltenham, one decides that the captains would always indicate the umpires , the latter having to intend itself to name a referee . The umpires , one in each camp, remain on the ground, while the referee is installed in platform. If the umpires cannot fall from agreement on a decision, it is the referee which slices.

The referee passes from the platforms in the center of the ground to the beginning of the year 1890, pushing back both umpires on the touchlines. This evolution made following the many problems raised by the double arbitration. Moreover, the teams of the time, contrary to a spread idea, were not at all “fair-play”, and it was necessary to prevail. One thus invented a whole battery of sanctions the such Penalty (1891), and the single and “omnipotent” referee, i.e. responsible for a match for A to Z. In August 1891, the arbitration trio such as we know it today was trained. In 1996, the referees of key are called the referees assistants; they indeed assist the central referee in his decisions, when this one has a doubt about a litigious action (for example: crossing of the line of goal of a balloon, responsibility for the protagonists in a brawl, fault in the back of the referee, etc).

The subject on the video is emblematic dynamism which animates the debate on the rules of this sport. Many evolutions, more or less happy are counted thus: regulate off-side, drank out of gold during the prolongation, video visionnage after the meeting to establish a sanction, radio communication between referees assistants and central referee, etc

Anecdotes

In the history of football, often the referees were regarded as the target of the players, the media or the spectators, in particular since the arbitration decisions are subjected to the popular vindication of the video:

June 23rd 1998. At the time of a match of the World cup opposing Brazil and Norway, a media storm rises against the referee of the meeting which granted a penalty to the Norwegians with the 86e minute. 17 television cameras indeed do not show any contact between the two players… And discusses it on the video arbitration is started again. The American referee is trailed in mud during 48 hours, while the FIFA is made deal with all the names because she refuses any evolution concerning the video arbitration. Two days after the match, a Swedish television makes public the images taken by one of its private cameras… and they show clearly that the Brazilian player catches by the shirt the Norwegian player: there was penalty well. The 17 cameras had not seen it, but the referee if. It is almost an academic case, which all the more has repercussion that it is held at the time of the World cup. Since then, FIFA, UEFA and Board are clearly unfavourable with this technological solution, even if this topic remains a redundant subject in the various authorities of football (for example, in March 2005, Frederic Thiriez, president French professional Ligue).

the July 9th 2006, at the time of the finale of the World cup 2006, Zinedine Zidane strikes a violent one blow of head to the Italian Marco Materazzi. The referee not having seen it, and noting the situation, decides to consult the fourth referee (after having consulted the assisting referee, which is the procedure) which, had seen him the scene. After having questioned his colleague, the referee leaves the red paperboard to expel Zidane. The polemic swells then and some (whose French selector Raymond Domenech) ensure that the fourth referee had seen the scene not on line but… on his control screen. This last always denied.

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