Red-headed Emile

Biography

Its family, so much on the side of her father than on the side of her mother, is originating in Confolens. With died of his/her father, the main thing of the college of Confolens, the young person Emile Roux is raised by his older sister and her husband. He studies with Aurillac and the Puy. He obtains his baccalaureat with Clermont-Ferrand in 1871. He obtains his science degree in 1871 and starts, in 1872, to study with the Medical college of Clermont-Ferrand. He works initially as student-assistant in Chimie with the Faculty of Science, under the direction of Emile Duclaux (1840-1904). Of 1874 with 1878, it continues its studies in Paris, where it is allowed as clinical assistant with the Hôtel-Dieu. Of 1874 with 1877, he is pupil with the Military academy of the Valley-of-Grace, but must leave it at the appropriate time not to have presented its thesis. Russet-red is returned army in 1877.

In 1878, it starts to work as attending the Sorbonne with the course on the Fermentation which its Duclaux owner gives, who recommends it to Pasteur, who sought assistants. He then works at the laboratory of Pasteur as research assistant of 1878 with 1883, with the National university of Paris, its research being centered on the microbial origin of the Maladie S. He thus dedicates all his life to the study of the microbes and the infectious illness.

In 1916, it settles in a small apartment of the Pasteur Hospital, where it dies on November 3rd 1933. November 9th its national funeral takes place.

Titles and distinctions

Member of the Academy of Science (1899)
Price Osiris (1903)
Directing of the Institute Pasteur (1904 - 1933)
Member of the council of the exotic Company of pathology (SPE) (1908)
Emile Roux saw his work rewarded by prestigious the Médaille Copley in 1917
President for the medical conference for the League for the companies for the Red Cross which is held in Cannes (1919).
Honorary president of the Congress of surgery (1928)
Member of the Academy of medicine and the Academy of agriculture of France

The work of Red-headed Emile

The cholera of hens

He studies with Pasteur the Choléra of the hens (1879 - 1880).

The coal and the experiment of Pouilly-le-Fort

See also: Secret of Pouilly-le-Fort

He also studies with Pasteur the coal (1879 - 1890), and takes part in the famous experiment of Pouilly-le-Fort, experiment public of vaccination of animals against coal.

In May 1881, in Pouilly-le-Fort, close to Melun, Pasteur carries out a great experiment of vaccination against coal on 50 sheep. It prepares two batches of 25. The first batch receives, at 15 days of interval, two injections of anti-carbonaceous vaccine prepared by Pasteur and his collaborators. Then the two batches receive an injection of alive culture of carbonaceous bacillus. All the not vaccinated animals die. All vaccinated survive. Pasteur, who is not doctor but chemist, is from now on famous.

Referring to the memories published in 1937-1938 by the bacteriologist Adrien Dormouse, nephew and former assistant-preparer of Pasteur, Emile Lagrange, biographer of Red-headed Emile, written:

Actually, Roux is not only the executant of Pasteur, he can go this justice to have, with Chamberland, saved the prestige of its owner. It is him the true winner of Pouilly-le-Fort. It is only in 1883, in two successive notes, which will be revealed the process of attenuation discovered by Chamberland and Roux, Pasteur having refused until there that it is published. They announce it like a fact various; it is the key of the method. Russet-red is obliged to return there in 1890, to draw the attention on this considerable work which is unperceived past.

The rage

In 1883, Roux presents its thesis of doctorate, entitled Of New acquisitions on the Rage , where it describes research which it undertakes with Pasteur on this subject since 1881, and which was to lead to the first vaccination against this frightening disease. Russet-red is then recognized as an expert in new sciences which were medical microbiology and immunology.

Work on other infectious illness

With other assistants of Pasteur, Edmond Nocard (1850 - 1903), Louis Thuillier (1856 - 1883) and Isidore Straus (1845 - 1896), it goes in 1883 in Egypt, to study there an epidemic of human Choléra. These researchers however fail in their attempt to isolate the germ responsible for this disease, which was to be discovered only later with Alexandria by the German doctor Robert Koch (1843 - 1910).

Diphteria and anti-diphtheric serum

In 1883, it publishes with Alexandre Yersin (1863 - 1943) the first of its traditional work on the origin of the diphteria, due to the Bacille Klebs-Loeffler, very frequent disease then and mortal, particularly in the children. He studies his toxin and his properties, and begins in 1891 to develop an effective serum to treat the disease, after Emil Adolf von Behring (1854 - 1917) and Shibasaburo Kitasato (1852 - 1931) showed that it was possible to produce in animals of the antibodies against diphteric toxin. With Auguste Chaillou, it successfully tests this antitoxin on three hundred children reached with the Hôpital of the Child-Patients, which is worth to him to be greeted everywhere as hero of science in the medical congresses in Europe.

The Pasteur Institute

In 1883, and during the forty years which follow, Emile Roux is very implied in creation of what was to be the Institut Pasteur, and it shares its time between biomedical research and its administrative duties. In 1888, year important in its career, it accepts the position of director of the services, and enters to the editorial board of the Annales of the Institute Pasteur . In same time, it creates the first regular course on the microbiological technique, which was to have a considerable influence in the formation with the infectious illness of a great number of researchers and French and foreign doctors dedicated to the celebrity.

In the following years, Roux is spent without counting in a great number of research on microbiology and the practical immunology of the Tétanos, of the Tuberculose, the Syphilis and the Pneumonie. In 1903, it receives the Osiris price, of which it transfers the amount of: 100000 francs at the Pasteur Institute.

In 1904, it is named managing director of the Pasteur Institute (at the old station of Pasteur). He is the honorary president of the Congress of surgery of 1922. During the First World War, it is with the Council of hygiene of the army.

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