Rate of masculinity

the rate of masculinity is the proportion of men in the total population (of the two sexes).

The concept is close to the Sex ratio (SR), definite like the report/ratio of the number of men and the number of women.

Formulate

$Taux.de.masculinite = \ frac {nombre.d' men} {population} \ times 100$

$Sex.ratio = \ frac {nombre.d' men} {nombre.femmes} \ times 100$

By age

Sex ratio per age is the report/ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls in a given age bracket. With the birth, it is higher than 1 but varies little: from 1.03 to 1.07.

In France, there are approximately 105 boys for 100 girls with the birth. In China, it is born around 120 boys for 100 girls.

For biological and sociological reasons, it is already quite different for the children from less than five years (the $SR_5$ ). From trentes years (between 35 to 49 years in France, against 25 in 1950), the preponderance is reversed and the number of women generally carries it on the number of men (eight centenaries out of ten are women), in spite of notable regional disparities.

Phenomena proposed by the rate of masculinity

By using the rate of masculinity, one can see imbalances between male and female population.

In North America and Europe, the sex ratio is approximately 1,05. In India and Asia, rather 1,07.

These imbalances are very present in China and India. In certain rural regions in India, there are approximately 400 men for 100 women.

The worrying variations beyond the 1,10 are recent: one can observe $SR_5$ of 1,20 in 2000 in China (and even of 1,32 with the Henan (in the south of Beijing), of 1,13 in South Korea, 1,26 with the Penjab, etc

The causes are:

the selective Abortion,
the selective Child murder (put at the account of dull),
selective infantile negligence (more care carried to the boys).

There are several explanations to that:

in many Eastern cultures, when the girl Marie, the family must pour a Dot with the family of married the
in the tradition confuciucian, only the boy is entitled to perpetuate the Culte of the ancestors and to deal at the end of the lifetime with her parents
often in rural environments, the girl cannot work
the poverty of many families in China and India the growth to calculate the profitability of their children, that reinforced by the Politique of the single child in China
the possibility of the Avortement in knowledge of the sex of baby (although illegal) facilitates the elimination of the babies girls, (to be noted that the Infanticide is rather widespread)
much of women are moved campaigns towards the cities, to be bought and married. (traffic of women)

In China (1,3 billion), one estimates the deficit at approximately forty million women. As much in India according to Amartya SEN (prize winner the " Nobel Prize of économie" in 1998) has analyzed well the causes and the consequences of such an evolution: sociologiquement, the company develops the male child for reasons of paternal Patronyme and worship to the ancêtres ; economically, the labor force of a boy and its economic “profitability” are considered better. From where, with the practice of the severe restriction of the Birthrate, these parental choices close to the “sexocide”. The practice of the IAC (Artificial insemination between joint) increases the drift of the sex ratio. The most obvious consequence in the long term will be “the fight for the female”, which one cannot analyze, for lack of retreat, the situation being relatively new at the Human ones. A collapse of the birthrate due to the deficit of maternal bellies is however inevitable.

To mitigate this drift, the India offers a premium to the parents having only one girl, for example in Andhra Pradesh (province of the south of the Dekkan). It there not of simple solution in sight as long as the demographic Transition will not be carried out. The situation of the Bangladesh, country where the Densité is highest in the world (nearly 1000) and of great poverty, remains alarming.

Another example of sex ratio

For the the Copepoda the report/ratio of the sexes (or sex-ratio) is seldom close to 1, but generally in favor of the females.

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