Raspberry cane

Description

It is a shrub with drawn up stems, cylindrical which can reach 1,5 to 2 m in height. These stems are bi-annual and die the second year after fructification. The stock Sucker nante, long-lived, emits new stems each year. The stems are armed with pivots little prickles.

The sheets are pennate, those of the base comprise 5 to 7 toothed leaflets, the higher sheets are trifoliolées. They are tomenteuses, blanchâtres on their lower face.

The white flowers are joined together by groups of 5 to 10. The Pistil is formed many Carpelle S.

The fruits, compounds, are made of a whole of small Drupe S. Non adherent with the cone of the receptacle, they are detached some easily with maturity.

Origin and distribution

It is a species originating in Europe and moderate Asia (of the Turkey to the China and the Japan). Its natural habitat is located especially in the mountainous underwoods, generally in lower part of 1500 m, but one also finds it in plain

It is very cultivated and often naturalized in the moderate countries.

The culture of the raspberry cane seems to go back to the end of the Moyen-âge.

Culture

Rustic species (Zone 4), indifferent to the ground provided that it fresh and is well drained. Resist quite cold but fears strong heats and the dryness. Prefer a sunny exposure but supports the shade.

Multiplication by separation of well enracinés suckers.

The plantation can last several years, approximately 10 years. The production reaches its normal level the third year.

It is advisable to remove the two year old stems at the end of the autumn, after they bore fruit. To also remove the surplus growths.

Harvest is made when the fruits are quite ripe. Those are not preserved and must be consumed or transformed very quickly.

Varieties

The varieties of raspberry canes are classified in two groups: ordinary raspberry canes i.e. not tonics or “unifères”, and the raspberry canes tonics or “bifères”: the latter give the first harvest at the beginning of summer on the two year old stems, and the second harvest with the autumn (of at the end of August at November) on the stems of the year. The first are preferred for the commercial plantations because harvest is concentrated over one short period, the seconds are appropriate better for the family gardens.

Raspberry canes bifères

with red fruits

Perpetual Wonder the four seasons
of Billiards
to remember Desired Bruneau
Heritage
Blissy
September
Zeva
Joan SQUIRE
Baron de Wavre
Summit

with yellow fruits

Sweetened of Metz
Surprised autumn
Fallgold

Raspberry canes unifères

Malling promised
Meeker
Malling Exploit
Gradina
Schoenemann
Radboud
Willamette
Llyodd Georges
Eva 2
Puyallup
Malahat
Tulameen
Royalty

Hybrids

Loganberry ( Rubus ursinus * Rubus “Auginbaugh” * Rubus ideaus “Red Antwerp”)

Phenomenal Berry F2 of ( Rubus ursinus “Auginbaugh” * Rubus ideaus “Cuthbert”)

Veitchberry ( Rubus rusticanus * Rubus ideaus “November Abundance”)

Tayberry
Tummelberry

Enemies

The worm of raspberries is the larva of small a Coléoptère, Byturus tomentosus which parasitizes the fruits, however its damage are very rare. The fruits can also be reached by the gray rot in rainy periods. In general more the extensive damage observed in culture must with the changes of climates, especially at the time of cold springs which damage fabrics, then allowing pathogenic microphone-mushrooms grounds to infest stems and roots. Best protection amounts feeding the plantations with manures known as " organiques" supporting the multiplication of alive elements, bacteria aerobic and other microscopic defenders, able to exploit the capacity of the grounds with to be the only possible immune system with the plants.

Use

The fresh fruits, the Raspberry S, are consumed natural with sugar, out of fruit salad, or give place to transformation into Confiture, frozen, syrups, purée, ice… They can freeze

These fruits contain especially Lévulose and Fructose, and very few Saccharose. It is a plant Mellifère, very visited by the Abeille S. The raspberry cane is also a medicinal plant whose starts-up are used in Gemmothérapie.

Economic aspects

The worldwide production rises with approximately 360.000 tons. The Russia is the first producer. The France produces approximately 7000 tons marketed. The real production is however difficult to estimate being given the importance of the family plantations, mainly intended for subsistence farming.

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