Range ranching

One calls range ranching (of English range : Game and Ranching : extensive breeding) the extensive breeding, in natural environment, of wild species or game.

Presentation

Several traditions and practical intermediate between management hunting and the extensive breeding can be attached there. In its modern version, it is known in Southern Africa, where it is practiced with the various local species, a production target but also often of exclusive domain and in North America on species of stag, dash…

The objective can be initially the production of meat or another products, the production of animals to be driven out, or the combination of several objectives of which if necessary conservation of the species and the maintenance of the medium.

An alternative is the marine pasturage or “sea ranching”, applied in particular to salmon and certain species of shell.

Interest of the range ranching

The practices which join the range ranching have several interests:

breeding inexpensive
exploitation of wild local species more adapted to the medium and “benefitting” better in extensive conditions than from the domestic species
safeguard from the wildlife by the responsibilisation from managers who are charged with it, which misent on the perenniality of the resource
safeguarding of the populations which are not the object of this management by decreasing the pressure of hunting, grace the availability of these animals on the market.

Systems

Vicuna in South America

This species never fully domesticated was the object at the time pre-Colombian of a collective management, which comprised the periodic hunting of these animals, their shearing and partial demolition. This practice perduré a certain time after the arrival of Spanish, then was disorganized. Vicuna was then the object of on-drives out which brought it near to disappearance. This practice currently reappears and received the approval of UICN, organism in charge of the protection of the species in danger.

horses: One raises in several areas of the world the exploitation of a livestock of horses or wild ponies on a mode of range ranching: capture annual, possible shearing (in Galicie in Spain), and taking away, often of foalta.
the range ranching in Africa: It relates to the species of African savanna typically: antelopes, giraffes, rhinoceros, even carnivores like the Lion, managed for the balance of the unit and as paying hunting trophy. In the best cases, one reconciles the safeguarding of the animals, of the medium, a production of appreciable meat and a economic contribution thanks to tourism. The term recovers however also simple private hunting preserves.
the wild boar, the stag or the hare in park in Europe.

the marine pasturage

This one is an equivalent of the range ranching, for marine species. It approaches the piscicultural repopulation of lake or river. The biological cycle several marine species easily allows the production of a great number of youthful. When this stage gives place in natural environment to strong losses, its control makes it possible to slacken a great number of youthful having exceeded the most fragile age. One thus provides to the commercial fishing and at the conclusion of their enlargement a very increased stock of animals. The cycle of species as the salmon allows one in addition recaptures easier animals during their migration. This technique is applied to the Saumon, with the Scallop. The installation of such a practice well-on is conditioned with its lawful articulation and an economic coordination between the function of breeding and to release and that of the fishing of the products.

Differences with the other systems

The range ranching is not distinguished sometimes from hunting when this one is regulated and managed that from a legal point of view (the animals have an owner) and by the objectives of its actors (production rather than leisure) It is also close to the extensive breeding, the difference would be then nature, the origin of the animals: species domesticated against wild species. In breedings extensive of horses, the difference would be in the collective management of a population in opposition to the systems in which the animals are marked by each owners (though perhaps “high” under condition similar)

See too

Internal bonds

Hunting
conservatory Domestication
Breeding
Ranch

External bonds

Management complementary to the wildlife and the cattle in West Africa document of 80 pages (pdf starting from this page) in connection with the relation cattle/wildlife, breeding of aulacole, range ranching…

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