Range - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

The shapes of ranges

It is presented in various forms, in particular:

fixed screen, with handle and sheet out of paperboard or basket making of form flag (Italy 15th century), Arab world currently still);
handle joining together of the feathers or palmettes (a such model, found in the tomb of All-Ank-Amon);
range folded, used as of the Early middle ages and preserved in the form of " flabellum" liturgical by the Christian church;
broken range, where ivory blades, give luster to, wood or another hard material open around an axis, joined together close to the other end by a wire or a ribbon;
folded range, where " brins" of hard material are used as support with a " feuille" out of paper, skin of various nature, lace or fabric (more tardily).

These two last varieties, were invented then improved by the Japanese and the Chinese at the 9th century (via Korea).

History

The Chinese had already ranges in Bambou at the 2nd front century. J. - C. They were imported in Europe by the Portuguese as from the 16th century.

The range in Europe

Introduced in France by Marie de Médicis, favorite object of Elisabeth Anger of England, it experienced an important development in Europe at the 17th century and 18th century. Product primarily in France, in England, in the Netherlands and in Italy, it was initially an aristocratic and artistic object, taking again the subjects of known tables as well on the sheets as on mountings of ivory, mother-of-pearl or scale.

The subjects became often less required with the bergerades end of the 18th century, less quality undervaluing the price and facilitating the diffusion of the object in the middle-class. It became even popular thanks to the techniques of impression (sometimes even political vector of propaganda during the Revolution). It is at this period that it disappeared almost in France, to reappear only with more strength after 1830, knowing a second golden age during the Second Empire and reaching its maximum size towards 1890.
Certain salesmen of ranges invented at the 19th century for its handling a very elaborate and codified Langage.

It somewhat fell in disuse during the Entre-deux-guerres, except as an advertizing object (sometimes of excellent quality) and except also in some countries like the Spain, where manufacture had been established less than one century earlier.
It continues to accompany some characters Iconoclaste S by our time, symbolizing the desire of rise and authority, the refusal of conformity and underlining the originality of a style.

The range in Asia

In the East, even if it were also manufactured with the European taste as of the 17th century, there remained an essential component of art of living and culture. The Chinese great painters or Japanese used it like support for their works. Indissociable object the traditional rites of China and Japan, the range is a fundamental accessory in the theater Japan board No just as in certain martial arts.

The range as arms

In China the range is also used in the art of the Kung fu as the supreme weapon destroying the body and the spirit.

It is also present at the Tai-chi-chuan and in the Chinese traditional dance.

During the Middle Ages with the Japan, the war leader (the shôgun) carried a " gunsen" (literally: " range of guerre") : this type of range had a mounting forged out of steel and was used at the same time as protection and guard and direction rallying sign of the troops (held up open), at the same time (once closed) at the time of a combat to the saber. The Tessen, of more European form, was rather hold with the women.

See too

the range known as " The Passage of Rhin"
the stick range known as " Turn of Pise"
the range known as " Queen Victoria Fan"
the range known as " The Large Theater of Turin"
the range XIXème " Alexandre enters as a winner Babylone"

Ventilator

External bonds

Place of the Range
Gallery the Curious
Language of the range
Language of the range
Sylvain Guen, creation and restoration of ranges

Random links:

Diogo Cão | Pontavert | Saint-Michel-of-Fronsac | Principality of Reuss connects junior | Pierre Campmas