Ramsès III

Ramsès ( Ramsès Ousermaâtrê-Méryamon : Born from Râ, the Re justice powerful, is appreciated of Amon) is the sovereign large last of the Nouvel Empire. During his reign, which lasts a little more than thirty years, the sovereign does not cease fighting against the corruption which gangrene country; he must also push back the Peuples of the sea, of the rejoined invaders.

Ramsès reigned of -1186 with -1154, after a reign that the chronicles (Papyrus Harris) indicate to have lasted 31 years and 41 days.

Under their domination finished the empire hittite and other less important political entities. The Middle East was touched, but without the intervention of Ramsès, the Egyptian country would have undergone its second domination, after that of the Hyksôs.

The king is known for the construction of his funerary temple on western bank of Thèbes, the Médinet-Habou. There the members of cosmogony Hermopolitaine are buried, according to the legend, and they accepted a worship until the arrival of the Romans.

Its fall (KV11) into the Valley of the Kings ( Biban el-Moulouk : Carry Kings) is of an absolute smoothness. The scenes are faithful to the Egyptian art.

Genealogy

Titulature

Reign

The end of the reign of Ramsès is marked by two major events: the strikes of the craftsmen of the Institution of the Tomb with Deir el-Médineh showing the administration of chronic delays in the supply, charges with the State in payment with work exclusively intended for installation with the royal burials, and the release of a cabal of palate, the conspiracy known as of the harem .

According to Pierre Grandet, his instigators probably benefitted from the imminent advertisement from died of the king to pass to the act. It was a question of replacing the legitimate heir to the throne, the prince Ramsès then old of more than 45 years, by one of his half-brothers, Pentaour, supported by his mother, the queen Tiyi who had known to rejoin with her cause a very great number of senior officials and graded army.

The business, spread, ends up drawing the attention of prince Ramsès who, the military experiment and supports helping, succeeds in translating the principal instigators in front of an emergency court: forty people of which marked priests to have had recourse to the black magic to arrive to their ends. Three of the twelve judges elected to carry out the examination of the bills of indictment were let corrupt and enlarged the number of the defendants. The legal papyrus of Turin which reports the course of the lawsuit and its bounces draws up several lists of defendants. Those of the first see their names transformed to dedicate them to the eternal forfeiture, they will be carried out (without one knowing precisely how, the text being satisfied to use the formula " their sorrow came towards eux"). Those of the second, because of their proximity with the royal function, Pentaour the first, are condemned to the suicide by poisoning. The corrupted judges undergo mutilations, ears and nose. One of them commits suicide following this sorrow infâmante. With regard to the Tiyi queen and the close relations of the royal family, the sources available do not give any precision as for their fate. It is extremely possible that their position in the hierarchy as their sacerdotal functions definitively put them safe from the capital punishment. Having regulated the succession of his/her father late and legitimated his accession while governing the funerary ceremonies, Ramsès {{IV}} could from now on begin its own reign which lasted six years.

The lawsuit of entreated is recalled in the papyrus known as legal of Turin, whose main thing of the three fragments which compose it is preserved at the Egyptian Musée of Turin. It is also corroborated by a series of fragments, the papyri Lee, Rollin, Varzy and Rifaud.

Burial

References

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