Rainier III of Monaco

Rainier III of Monaco , born Rainier (Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand) Grimaldi the May 31st 1923 with Monaco, deceased the April 6th 2005 with Monaco. It was the sovereign prince of Monaco of 1949 with 2005, during long the 56 years reign, called the “prince builder” .

Biography

He is the only son of the Princesse Charlotte of Monaco and Pierre de Polignac (great-grand-nephew of Jules de Polignac, last president of the Council of Ministers of Charles X of France) and has a sister, the Antoinette princess of Monaco, its elder two years. His/her grandfather Louis II of Monaco was Général (on a purely fictitious basis) of the French Army during the Second world war.

Studies

He studied with Saint Leonards-one-See in England then with Stowe, a private school of England. It pousuit its studies with the Institute Swiss Rosey of Poker in before joining the Private school of political sciences (Sciences Po) of which he will not obtain the diploma.

Second world war

  • September 28th 1944: in contradiction with the position very germanophile of his/her grandfather, it engages in the French Army like volunteer under foreigner; he is affected with the staff 2nd army corps ordered by the general Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert; Soldier of Second class with the 7th regiment of Algerian riflemen of the French Troops of Africa. It takes share with the operations of the countryside of Alsace; it receives the Military Cross 39-45 and the " Bronze Star " American.

  • 1947 : decorated Chevalier of the Legion of Honor on a purely military basis by Leon Blum. It will be high thereafter with the dignity of Grand-Croix of the Legion of honor as a Prince Souverain of Monaco.
  • April 1949: Captain in the French Army .
  • December 1954: raised with the rank of Colonel in the French Army .

Accession with the throne

Prince Rainier of Monaco reaching its majority (21 years) the May 31st 1944, his/her mother the hereditary princess Charlotte of Monaco, duchess of Valentinois, renonça with its death taxes the May 30th 1944. Consequently, the sovereign prince Louis II of Monaco named his grandson hereditary prince (i.e. crown prince ) by princely ordinance dated from the June 2nd 1944.

The May 9th 1949, with died of his/her grandfather, Rainier became prince de Monaco: (Titles of Grimaldi)

Returned peace, it settles with Saint-Jean-Cape-Ferrat, remotely reasonable of the end of reign of Louis II of Monaco, with which the bonds were tightened. It is 26 years old, at the time of the death of his grandfather, when it reaches the throne. It will appear Business man.

Onassis and Monroe, Hitchcock and Kelly

In the Company of the sea bathings, a shareholder as active as cumbersome, the Greek Ship-owner Aristote Onassis, is also conscious of the future development of tourism the Mediterranean N. Precisely, in the Years 1950, Onassis think of the prince, the time when the Cinéma becomes “ factory dreams ” thanks to the Cannes festival. Rainier has well a idylle with the actress Gisele Pascal, girl of Fleuriste, but it does not have enough size: their relation will last six years, but, as of its accession with the throne, in April 1950, it takes its distances with the commoner. Onassis will seek to organize a media marriage with the sure value of the moment: Marilyn Monroe . They will be capped by Alfred Hitchcock and his high-speed motorboat of the moment, Grace Kelly, which take part in the Cannes festival 1955. After three weeks of Engagement, the scene will be turned the April 19th 1956, day of the marriage.

The marriage with Grace Kelly

It is the niçois Pierre Galante, journalist with Paris-Match and husband of the actress Olivia de Havilland, who causes the meeting between Grace and Rainier.

The April 12th 1956, Grace Kelly arrives at Monaco aboard the steamer Constitution : the gun draws a salvo from honor. Onassis, despite everything, will make rain of the eyelet S reds and white since its Hydravion. Walks on the cornice take place, under the glances of the Paparazzi S. the marriage takes place the April 18th; Alfred Hitchcock is the witness of married and all Hollywood moved. The Minister of Justice, François Mitterrand, represents the France, with which would return the principality in the event of absence of heir to died to the prince.

Annie Cordy will sing for them.

Family life

It Marie the April 19th 1956 with the American actress Grace Kelly (dead in an car accident on the heights of Monaco the September 14th 1982), of which he had three children: The marriage is animated by the American Acteur Gene Kelly and the Belgian singer Annie Cordy.

Businesses

With his new partners, the prince wants to have the upper hand on the Société of the sea bathings. He is for the development of new popular tourism . In 1962, it will defy the general de Gaulle, challenge which will lead to the development of a news Constitution. In 1966, he évince Aristote Onassis of the Company of the sea bathings, and becomes owner with whole share of the Rock. In addition, it was seriously blamed by the French Parlement, under the control of Arnaud Montebourg, for the tax system Monegasque and the phenomena of international bleaching of money.

Achievements

  • 1957 : construction of the first buildings Monegasques.
  • 1958 : launching of the building work of the district of Larvotto: 54.000 m ² will be recovered on the sea in the east of the territory Monegasque.
  • 1959 : meeting with the oceanographical Museum of Monaco the first scientific conference on the elimination of the radioactive waste with ground and at sea. 280 experts are present and represent 30 countries and international agencies.
  • December 17th 1962: promulgation of the news Constitution of Monaco which devotes the Souveraineté and the Indépendance of the State Monegasque while reaffirming the particular reports/ratios maintained with the France and defined by the treaty of the July 17th 1918.
  • 1965 : Launching of the building work of the district of Fontvieille: it is of an influence on the sea of 220.000 m ² of constructible grounds and about a new port in the west of the territory Monegasque. Work will last 20 years.
  • February 17th 1966: creation of the Foundation Prince Pierre, whose object is to support the culture by the attribution of purses in the literary fields, musical and istic Art.
  • 1970 : creation of the commission Ramoge , organization joining together the France, the Italy and the principality for the protection of the the Mediterranean. It in particular led to the installation in 1999 of the sanctuary of the Baleine S in the basin liguro-of Provence.
  • 1985 : inauguration of the Stage Louis-II. The district of Fontvieille is finished.
  • 1987 : inauguration of the Cardio-Thoracic Center of Monaco.
  • 1992 : participation in the conference of Rio on the environment (second Summit of the Earth) and speech for the protection of the the Mediterranean.
  • May 28th 1993: admission of the principality in the capacity as 183e member to the United Nations. Launching of work of setting in underground of the Gare of Monaco-Assembles-Carlo in order to recover four hectares surfaces some of which 55% will be devoted to the construction of apartment and office buildings.
  • 1994 : beginning of the building work of the Grimaldi Forum, a center of congress and culture which will develop 70.000 m ² floors.
  • December 1999: inauguration of the news Gare of Monaco-Assembles-Carlo.
  • January 2000: launching of work of large the Dam (352 meters) which will make it possible to protect the old port, to increase the capacity of damping of the port and to authorize the reception of the steamers of cruising.

Birthdays

  • 1966 : centenary of the district of Monte Carlo.
  • 1974 : 25e birthday of its reign.
  • 1997 : celebration of the 700e birthday of the dynasty Grimaldi (the oldest reigning dynasty).
  • May 9th 1999: jubilee of the 50e birthday of its reign.

Health issues

  • December 16th 1999: operation in the cardio-thoracic center of Monaco of a dilation anévrismale. Installation of a endoprothèse.
  • February 2nd 2000: operation in the cardio-thoracic center for a partial ablation pulmonary; February 12th: operation because of which has occurred of a Pneumothorax.
  • May 2003: hospitalization for a consecutive general tiredness with a series of Bronchitis. December: hospitalization for a state grippal.
  • January 2004: hospitalization for a general tiredness; February: hospitalization for a coronary syndrome acute; October: hospitalization for a bronchopulmonary Infection.
  • March 7th 2005: hospitalization for a bronchopulmonary Infection in the cardio-thoracic center.
  • March 22nd 2005: admission with the intensive care unit of the same center following an infection broncho - pulmonary complicated of insufficiencies cardiac and renal.
  • March 31st 2005: report by the Council of the Crown of the prevention for Its Sérénissime Highness, prince Rainier III, to exert her high positions ; hereditary prince Albert ensures the Régence.
  • April 6th 2005: With 6:35 of the morning, its death is noted by the cardio-thoracic center where he was hospitalized since the March 7th: prince Albert becomes the prince Albert II de Monaco.

See too

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