Rafael Alberti

Rafael Alberti Merello (December 16th 1902 with El Puerto de Santa María, Province of Cadiz - October 27th 1999 with El Puerto de Santa María), Spanish Poet , member of the Generation of 27.

Biographical elements

One can distinguish five phases in lyric the albertienne: " neopopularismo" , Gongorisme, Surrealism, political poetry, poetry of nostalgia.

The first circle of its poetry is consisted Marinero will tierra of it (1925), the amante (1926) and El alba LED alhelí (1927). The poet is located in the tradition of the collections of songs, but the position is that of a poet of avant-garde.

In the second phase, a new tradition succeeds the song: that of Góngora. The result is Cal there canto (1929, but written between 1926 and 1927). The gongorism lies in deep stylistic transfiguration to which are subjected the subjects. In this book appears a dark tone which anticipates Sobre los ángeles (1929, but written between 1927 and 1928).

Sober los ángeles - which opens the third stage, i.e. surrealism - is born like consequence from a personal serious attack, and is attached in addition to the general esthetic crisis of the time, commune to all art Occident Al the former classicism is seen suddenly abused, and even if the poet still uses the traditional metric forms, free versification emerges in a triumphing way. The characteristics of these poems are the density of the images, the violence of the worms, the creation of an oneiric and infernal world. It is certainly the major book of the poet, which will prolong his apocalytic ton in Sermones there moradas , written between 1929 and 1930; the circle surrealism being closed again on the humor of Yo will era a tonto there lo that He visto me ha hecho back tontos (1929). In this last book, are found poems devoted to large comic of the silent film.

" My poetry has anything to see or almost nothing with the peuple" , he says (Gaceta literario 1-1-29). It is a cantor of the topics of the modern life, a humorist, a pure poet. Each book of this period seems to deny the precedent, affirming at the same time the enormous power rhetorician and the inexhaustible richness of inspiration of their author.

The identification between private control and public control, that one can regard as a characteristic of surrealism, will be translated subsequently at Alberti by an ideological position near to the Anarchisme. That will lead it to launch out in the political poetry, whose first demonstration is the civic elegy Con los zapatos puestos tengo that to morir (1930). With the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic (1931), Alberti will adopt the position of the revolutionary Marxisme. The poems of this period will be gathered in Consignas (1933), a fantasma recorre Europa (1933), 13 bandaged there 48 estrellas (1936), Nuestra diaria palavered (1936) and Of a momento has otro (1937); in 1938 the author will gather all these collections under the general title El poeta in the hold . It is necessary to add the elegy green Verte there No (1935), dedicated to Ignacio Sánchez Mejías. The cycle is unequal, but with remarkable successes.

The exile (1939-1977) starts the last cycle of the work of Alberti. Apolitical poetry, one can detach Between el clavel there the espada (1941); With will pintura (1948), retable on the topics and figures of pictorial arts; Retornos of lo vivo lejano (1952); Oda marítima ; Trotted there canciones del Paraná (1953). They are books articulated - except With will pintura - on the topic of the nostalgia, in which the worms worships alternate with the " neopopularismo" , and which presents moments of a great quality, which one will find in Abierto has todas will horas (1964) and in the first delivers completely written after the return in Europe, Roma, peligro para caminantes (1968).

After the return in Spain (1977), the production albertienne, very abundant, includes in particular the erotic poetry of Canciones para Altair (1988).

Militant engaged in the republican camp, Rafael Alberti was constrained to exile himself in France in 1939; the following year it had to leave it country overcome by the Germans, to take refuge in Argentina, where it remained until 1963. This year, it settled in Italy (Rome) for a stay which was going to last until its return in Spain in 1977.

Works (in Spanish)

Marinero will tierra (1925) of it national price of literature
Amante (1926)
El alba LED alhelí (1927)
Cal there Canto (1929)
Sobre Los Angeles (1929)
El hombre deshabitado (1930),
Fermín Galán (1931),
Consignas (1933)
poema LED mar Caribe (1936)
13 bandaged there 48 estrellas (1936)
Of a momento has otro (1938-39),
El trébol florido (1940),
Between el clavel there the espada (1939-1940)
Pleamar (1942-1944)
El adefesio (1944),
Gallarda (1944-45)
With will pintura (1945-1967)
Retornos of lo vivo lejano (1948-1956)
Coplas de Juan Panadero (1949-1953)
Noche of will guerra in el Museo del Prado (1956)
Abierto has todas will horas (1960-1963)
Roma, peligro para caminantes (1964-1967)
Canciones LED viola valle del Aniene (1967-1971)
Fustigada luz (1972-1978)
Los hijos LED drago there otros poemas (1986)
Canciones para Altair (1988)

Translated works

Translations in French: bond towards the Official site of Rafael Alberti

Books on Rafael Alberti

E. of Zuleta, “the poesía of Rafael Alberti”, in Cinco poetas españoles (Madrid, 1971)
K. Spang, Inquietud there nostalgia. The poesía of Rafael Alberti (Pamplona, 1973)
S. Salinas de Marichal, El mundo poético of Rafael Alberti (Madrid, 1975)
J.L. Tejada, Rafael Alberti between the tradición there the vanguardia (Madrid, 1976)
R. Senabre, the poesía of Rafael Alberti (Salamanca, 1977)
A. Jiménez Millán, the poesía of Rafael Alberti (1930-1939) (Cádiz, 1984)
R. Alberti, Obras supplemented, I. Poesía (1920-1938), introducción of L. García Montero (Madrid, 1988).

Setting in music

Some of its poems were recited on a music within the framework of the album homage of Vicente Amigo: POETA.

External bonds

Fundación Rafael Alberti

Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes

Neopopularismo

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