Racibórz

Racibórz (in Czech Ratiboř , in German Ratibor ) is a Ville of Poland. It is the Chef-lieu of district ( powiat ) of the Voïvodie of Silesia.

Geographical location

The city is located in High-Silesia, in the valley of the Oder, with the door of the Barrière of Moravie, close to the border with the Czech Republic. She is with the crossroads of the cultures Polish E, Czech, Moravian and Germanic. She is a important Nœud on the highway network and the railway network. She is located at 45 km of the Aéroport of Ostrava and at 90 km of the airport of Katowice.

History

According to the Legend, the city would have been founded by the Duc Racibor, chief of a Slavic tribe . Racibórz was one of the five fortified towns of the Slavic tribe of the Golęszyce which occupied the High-Silesia. It is mentioned by the Bavarian Géographe in the year 845. It is the first historical capital of High-Silesia.

Gallus Anonymus reports in its Chronique that Boleslas III the Stop-Chest seizes the city in 1108. Following the Feudal dismemberment of the Poland, the duchy of Racibórz is created in 1172 by Mieszko IV Legs Frays. At the 12th century, following its situation privileged with the crossroads of the roads which unite the Bohemia and the Moravie with Cracow, and the Silesia with the Ruthénie, the city becomes a shopping mall. The first coin of Monnaie is struck in Racibórz in 1211. In 1217, Racibórz receives the urban Privilège S and, starting from 1299, it will be managed by its own municipal council. Become a truth strong Castle, Racibórz resists the invasion of the Tatars in 1241. The first Hymne national Polish ( Gaude MATER Polonia ) there is written in Latin, between 1260 and 1270, by Vincent de Kielce, a brother of the Monastère of the Dominicains. It is him also which writes in its chronicle the first sentence in the Polish language. The city has a flourishing development. Artisan S settle, the city specializes in weaving and drapery. The largest fairs with corns of Silesia are held to with it. The last duke of the dynasty Piast dies in 1336. At that time, Racibórz is the most populated city south of Silesia.

Until 1521, the duchy passes in the hands of dukes Czech S. Of 1521 to 1551, Racibórz is controlled by the Polish duke of Opole, Piast Vassal of the Bohemia. Then, Racibórz, like all the kingdom of Bohemia, enters the field of the Habsbourg. At the 17th century, the city is devastated on several occasions during the Guerre Thirty Year old.

In 1742, Racibórz is annexed by the Prussia. The startup of the railway line Berlin - Vienna in 1848 revival the economic development of Racibórz. The extraction, the foundries, the production of earthenware, later metallurgical industry make city an industrial center of first importance. Even if the city became Prussian, the Polish culture remains very present. The German S and Polish cohabit harmoniously until the Kulturkampf (fine of the 19th century). The city takes part in the three Insurrection S of Silesia against the Germany. In spite of that, following the Referendum (88% of votes for Germany) of 1921, Racibórz remains in Germany, very close to the Polish border. In the Inter-war period, the city undergoes a deep decline following its new situation Géopolitique. It is one of the German cities where there was the most resistance to the rise of the Nazisme. According to some Historian S American, they are inhabitants anti-nazis of Racibórz who would have informed the Alliés of the preparation of a German atomic bomb in 1942 and which would have sabotaged its manufacture.

The March 31st 1945, the city is taken by the Red Army after a long battle, it is in ruins but it is rebuilt thereafter. The city becomes again then Polish and the German inhabitants are expelled.

Economy

The city is an industrial center. One finds there inter alia:

production of boilers ( Rafako SA )
production of electrodes out of carbon
production of electric domestic apparatuses
production of clothing
food industries (sugar refinery, undertaken food products, brewery)
industry of wood
production of concrete
manufactures machines and of material railway
Henkel - Polska SA

Tourism

In the historical city:

Church of the Assumption of Notre-Dame (founded in 1025, rebuilt in Gothic style )
Church Jacques saint (Gothic) with a vault Baroque (1637 - 1665)
neogothic Church saint Jean Chrzciciel (1855)
Dominican Church of the saint Spirit (founded at the 14th century)
Church Nicolas saint (founded towards 1287, rebuilt out of red bricks of 1899 with 1902)
Castle (founded at the 12th century, renovated 1609 with 1631 and with 19th century, with its brewery and its Gothic vault
Belfry (16th century, style rebirth)
Vestiges in old ramparts of the 14th century
Column of Notre-Dame (1725 - 1727)

In the Suburbs:

forest Reserve and the ponds Łężczok
Arboretum of the Door of Moravie

Twinnings

, to see the company of twinning Leverkusen-Ratibor
, to see

External bond

Official site of the City
Oddział Celny W Raciborzu
http://www.raciborz.fotografwz.com/ end Surroundings one Picture

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