Réserpine

The Réserpine is a Alcaloïde which was discovered in the rhizome and the root of Rauwolfia serpentina (apocynacées).

  • With low dose (of 0,1 Mg with 0,25 Mg), the réserpine is a Hypotenseur.

  • With stronger amounts (about the milligram), it is used like alleviating, and in the treatment of the psychiatric syndromes of Manie, of Névrose, Anxiété and obsession.

The réserpine was known to be fixed on the blisters of storage of neuro-transmitters such as the Dopamine, the Nopépinéphrine, and the Sérotonine. It was thought that it inhibited the neuro-transmitters by thus causing a depression at the man, but a test of drug in the Fifties at the hospital of Maudsley highlighted an antidepressant effect. It was then shown that low dose acted like antidepressant, whereas the high amounts caused the exhaustion of Monoamine and the depression. In addition, the réserpine has a peripheral action in several parts of the body where the cholinergic part of the nervous system is dominating --> ((GI-Leaflet, smooth muscles vessels).). <--

History

The réserpine was insulated in 1952 starting from the root dried of Rauwolfia serpentina, and marketing in 1954, two years after the chlorpromazine. The réserpine was not used any more during a few years because of its side effects and interactions, before being again used in certain countries like drug, or in combination with other molecules against hypertension, generally with diurétique and/or a vasodilatator such as the hydralazine.

Its use as antipsychotic is almost abandoned. At the origin, amounts of 0.5mg with 40mg per day were given to patients psychotics. With the top of 3mg/jour, anticholinergic was to be associated to fight the excessive cholinergic activity of the réserpine in certain bodies, as well as parkinson's syndromes. The réserpine is also used as sedative for horses.

side effects

They are numerous, including nasal congestion, nauseas, the vomiting, profit of weight, gastric intolerance, gastric ulcers (armatures by the increased cholinergic activity of gastric fabric and the deterioration of the mucous membrane), stomach cramps and diarrhea
La réserpine is also source of hypotension and of bradycardia and it can worsen asthma.
Le encumbered nose is another consequence of alpha-blockade.
Elle can induce an enough serious depression to lead to the suicide.
Des effects on the central nervous system appears by somnolence, of the giddinesses, and the nightmares.
Le parkinsonism appears without bond with the amount.
Faibless or general tiredness is frequent.

A high amount in experiments caused in rodents a fibroadenomist of the center and malignant tumors of the spermatic blisters, between others, but the assumption that breast cancer could be induced by the réserpine among women (risk roughly doubled) was not confirmed.

See too

References

  1. アルカロイド (Alkaloids) (T-Z). 2004.
  2. " Alkaloids" indol; Major Types Off Chemical Compounds In Seedlings & Animals Leaves II: Phenolic Compounds, Glycosides & Alkaloids. Wayne' S Word: On-line year Textbook off Natural History. 2005.
  3. Forney, Barbara. Reserpine for Veterinary Uses Wedgewood Pharmacy. 2001-2002.
  4. Rauwolfia Dorlands Medical Dictionary. Merck Source. 2002.
  5. Lopez-Munoz F, Bhatara VS, Alamo C, Cuenca E. (2004): " approach to reserpine discovery and its introduction in psychiatry" in Spanish Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 32 (6): 387-95. PMID 15529229 Fulltext in English and Spanish
  6. Schuldiner, S. and Al (1993): J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1) 29-34. PMID 8416935

External bonds

  • NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Reserpine
  • PubChem Summary Substance: National Reserpine Center for Biotechnology Information.
  • The Stork Synthesis off (-) - Reserpine

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