Quantum number

A quantum number is, in quantum Mécanique, an element of a play of Nombre S making it possible to define the quantum state complete of a system. Each quantum number defines the value of a preserved quantity in the dynamics of a quantum system.

A quantum number is also the number of layer in the electronic procession of the electrons of an atom or an ion. (See principal quantum Number).

Possible quantum numbers

The dynamics of a quantum system is described by a Hamiltonian Opérateur H . There exists a quantum number of this system corresponding to its energy (the eigenvalues of H ). There is a quantum number for any operator O who commutates with H .

These quantum numbers are the only possible ones of a given system.

Examples

In the model of the Bohr atom, the electron can be entirely defined by a set of four quantum numbers, named quantum Case.

Quantum number principal N

  • Whole: n=1,2,3…
  • Defines the energy of the electron
  • Définit an energy level, an electron shell

Secondary quantum number (or azimuthal) L

  • Entier n-l
  • Defines electronic underlayers
  • S for l=0
  • p for l=1
  • D for l=2
  • F for l=3

Tertiary quantum number (magnetic) m

  • Whole between - L and +l
  • Lay down the orientation of orbital atomic the
  • => For l=0, m=0, 1 only orientation, 1 orbital S, 1 quantum box.
  • => For l=1, m=-1; 0; 1, 3 orientations, 3 orbital p of the same energy, 3 quantum boxes.

Quantum number of spin S

  • Makes it possible to quantify the intrinsic kinetic moment of the electron (rotation movement on itself)
  • Half-entirety, value + 1/2.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • '' Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations ''
  • '' Quantum numbers for the hydrogen atom ''
  • '' Lecture notes one quantum numbers ''
  • '' The particle dated group ''

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