Qualia

The qualia , in the singular quale , are defined like the properties of the significant experiment by which that done something to perceive this or that (color, its, etc). They are thus felt and associated subjective effects in a way specific to the mental states:

perceptive *expériences;
body *sensations (pain, hunger, pleasure, etc);
* Passion S and emotions.

By definition, these qualia is unknowable in the absence of a direct intuition; they are thus also incommunicable. The Existence and the Nature of these properties are one of the most important debates of the Philosophie of the spirit. This importance is due to the fact that the existence of the qualia refutes the Physicalisme, insofar as one holds them for irreducible phenomena.

Definition

Daniel Dennett distinguishes four properties generally allotted to the qualia:

  • the qualia are unutterable, one cannot communicate them, nor to differently apprehend them than by direct experiment.
  • the qualia are intrinsic or immediate: they are not relational properties.
  • the qualia are private: any comparison is impossible.
  • they are apprehended directly by the conscience, i.e to have experience of a quale, it is to know that one with the experiment of a quale and knowledge all that one can know about this quale.

Arguments

The arguments concerning the qualia generally arise in the form of experiments of thought, for example, the Specter reversed: it would be possible to conceive a change of our perception of the colors independently of our brain or our body. Such qualia would not thus have any physical base. The experiment of the contemporary thought most known on this subject is that of Frank Jackson, on the knowledge of the colors.

Unfavourable arguments

In the explained conscience, Daniel Dennett tried to show that what we conceive of the qualia is taken at fault when we try to make the application of it. Indeed, in the experiment of the reversed spectrum, it would actually be impossible to make the difference between a physical change of our perceptions and a change of our knowledge of the qualia.

Some questions in connection with the qualia

*Les qualia does there exist?
*Quels mental states has qualia?
*Les animal do they have qualia?
*Quelles relations between the qualia and the causal role of the mental state?
*Quelles relations between the qualia and the brain?

See too

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