Qom

Qom قم is a town of Iran. Located at 150 km in the south-west of Teheran, it is the capital of the Province of Qom.

Qom is one of the Holy Cities of the Chiisme, since it is the site where Hazrat Fatimah Ma' sumeh is buried, sister of Ali rear-Wrinkled (into Persan Imam Reza , 789-816). The city accommodates the greatest seminar of Iran, which equalizes in the face that of Najaf in Iraq.

History

Qom as a city existed already at the time pre-Islamic. The architectural discoveries indicate that Qom was a place of residence since the 5th millenium before our era. The pre-Islamic vestiges and the historical texts underline the fact that Qom was a regional big city. Kom was the old name of the city, that the Arab invaders of the 7th century renamed Qom .

During the Caliphate of Omar ibn Al-Khattab, the area of Qom fell to the hands from the armies from the Islam. In 645, Abu Musa Al-Achari deployed forces under its command in the area. Conflicts followed between the armies of Arab invasion and the residents of the zone.

At the time Seldjoukide, the city flowers again. During the invasion Mongolian E of Persia, the city knew an important destruction, but after the reigning Mongolian dynasty, also known under the name Ilkhanat, is converted with Islam during the reign of Oldjaïtou (into Persan: Muhammed Kharbenach) the city accepted a special attention, enabling him to live again once more.

At the end of the 14th century, the city was put at bag by Tamerlan and the inhabitants were massacred. But for the period of reign of the Qara Qoyunlu , of the Aq Qoyunlu and especially during the time Safavide, Qom regained the attention of the monarchs and developed thanks to his religious mausoleum.

In 1503, Qom had become an important theological center of the Shiism and had also become a site of important pilgrimage.

The city knew important damage during the Afghan invasions and still during the reign of Nâdir Châh and the conflicts between the houses Zand and Qajar fighting to be able it in Iran. Finally, in 1793, Qom passed under the control of Aga Mohammad Qajar. After having been victorious on his enemies, the Shah Qajar Fath Ali Shah made repair the sepulchre and the mausoleum of Hazrat Ma' sumeh, such as it had made the wish of it.

The town of Qom knew prosperity at the time Qajar again. After the Russian forces enter Karaj in 1915, from many inhabitants of Teheran came to take refuge in Qom because of the proximity of the Russian troops, and the transfer of the capital to Qom was even considered. But the British and the Russians influenced this project by putting the pressure on Ahmad Shah Qajar. At this period, a " Defense committee nationale" was set up in Teheran, and Qom was transformed into hearth of the dispute against the British and Russian colonial powers.

Many years later, Qom became the center from which the Ayatollah Khomeini based his opposition to the Pahlavi while it was in Iran. During many years, Qom was the residence of Khomeini which carried out the events of the Islamic revolution, which changed some for Teheran after the revolution.

Qom aujourd' today

Today, Qom counts among the most important centers of the Shiism, at the same time in Iran and in the world. Its theological center and the mausoleum of Hazrat Ma' sumeh of which essential characteristics of the capital of the province of Qom. A aute site of pilgrimage apart from the city is called Jamkaran.

The proximity of the city with Teheran also brought advantages to him.

Attractions of Qom

The Organization of the cultural heritage of Iran lists 195 historic sites with Qom. The most visited are:

Cave Kahak
Cave Vashnuh
Lake salted Howz-e Soltan
Big lake salted Namak
Library Mar' ashi Najafi, containing more than 500.000 manuscripts and copies.
Museum Astaneh Moqaddaseh
Bazaar de Qom
Seminar Feyzieh
Mosque Jamkaran
Mosque of Friday
Mosque Atiq
Mosque A' zam
Mausoleum of Fatimah Al-Masumeh

Universities with Qom

Université Shaikh Mufid de Qom
Islamic university free of Qom
Université of Qom
Hawzeh Research institute goes data-processing Daneshgah
Research center of Islamic sciences, Qom
Institut of education and research Imam Khomeini
Université of medical sciences of Qom
École of medical sciences Fatemieh

Seminars of Qom

Qom is currently the greatest Shiite center of education in the world. The seminars ( hawzah ) following are located in the city:

Seminar Amuliyah
Seminar Ayatollah Golpayegani
Seminar Ayatollah Mar' ashi Najafi
Seminar Abul-Sadigh
Seminar Imam Al-Husayn
Seminar Imam Al-Askari
Seminar Imam Al-Mahdi
Seminar Imam Al-Hadi
Seminar Rasul ul-A' dham
Seminar Sayyed Hassan Al-Shirazi
Seminar Alwandiyah
Seminar Imam Al-Khamenei
Seminar Imam Al-Baqir
Seminar Imam Hassan Al-Mujtaba
Seminar Imam Khomeini
Seminar Imam Al-Sadiq
Seminar Imam Al-Hadi
Seminar Amir Al-Mu' menin
Seminar Bi' that
Seminar Jabir ibn Al-Hayyan
Seminar Al-Zahra
Seminar Jafariyah
Seminar Haj Sayyed Sadiq
Seminar Haj Ghazanfar
Seminar Hojattiyeh
Seminar Hossaynie
Seminar Hadhrat Al-Masuma
Seminar Dar Al-Shifa
Seminar Rasul Al-Akram
Seminar Sa' adat
Seminar Sharafiddin Amili
Seminar Shahabiyah
Seminar Shahid Sadr
Seminar Shahidayn
Seminar Sadiqqiyah
Seminar Saduq
Seminar of justice
Seminar Alavi
Seminar Fatimie
Seminar Feyzie
Seminar Qadiriye
Seminar Kermani-ha
Seminar Ma' sumiye
Seminar Mahdi Mow' ud
Seminar Na' ini
Seminar Wahidiyah
Seminar Wali Asr
Seminar Al-Alam
Seminar AD-Dirasat Al-Islamiyya
Seminar Maktab Al-Mahdi
Seminar Maktab At-Towhid
Seminar Al-Kawthar

List high-ranking persons of the clergy of Qom

The following list is a list Large Ayatollahs and ayatollahs moreover high level in Qom (or directly connected to Qom).

Current

Large Ayatollah Noori-Hamedani
Large Ayatollah Mousavi Ardebili
Large Ayatollah Gharvi-Aliari
Large Ayatollah Saafi Golpayegani
Large Ayatollah Fazel Lankarani
Large Ayatollah Seyd Mohammad Shahroudi
Large Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi
Large Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
Large Ayatollah Sheikh Wahid Khorasani
Large Ayatollah Muhammad Taqi Behjat
Large Ayatollah Sayyed Kadhim Haeri
Large Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Vahidi
Large Ayatollah Sheikh hasan-zadeh Softened
Large Ayatollah Sanei
Large Ayatollah Haj Musa Sayyed Shebiri Zanjani
Large Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Reza Golpayegani
Ayatollah Tabrizi
Ayatollah Sheikh Jawadi Softened
Ayatollah Abolfadhl Khansari
Ayatollah Haj Sayyed Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Ayatollah Sayyed Hassan Taheri Khurram-Abadi
Ayatollah Sheikh Jafar Sobhani
Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Imami Kashani
Ayatullah Haj Sheikh Ali Panah Ishtihardi
Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi
Ayatullah Sheikh Haadi My `rifat
Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Alavi Gorgani
Ayatollah sheikh Muhammad Reza Mahdavi Kani
Ayatollah Sayyed Hassan Abtahi
Ayatollah Mohsen Qara' ATI
Ayatollah Sheikh Abu Taleb Tajleel
Ayatollah Sheikh Hussein Mazaheri
Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Ismail Salehi Mazandarani
Ayatollah Haj Sayyed Mehdi Rouhani
Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Ali Kashani
Ayatollah Haj Sayyed Mohsen Kharrazi
Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Mohaqqeq Damad
Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Ali Gerami

Died

Large Ayatollah Borujerdi
Large Ayatollah Al-Shirazi
Allameh Tabatabaei
Mohammad Beheshti
Hassan Modarres
Morteza Motahhari
Mahmoud Taleghani

Twin cities

Holy Jacques de Compostelle, Spain

See too

Mashhad
Shiite Islam
Iran
Iranian Architecture

Other external bonds in connection with Qom

Monk

Noor Fiqh, Qom
Company of the Islamic Masters of seminars of Qom (into Persan)
Institute Dar-ul Hadith
Islamic Office of propagation of the seminars
Qom, Islamic city
Sharah Hawzah Seminary Information Network
IslamIFC, International foundation for the Islamic co-operation

Not monk

Organization of the cultural heritage of Qom
Gouverneur of Qom
Qom worries about the interferences of the government in the religious Establishment

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