Pyramid of the needs for Maslow - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Levels

Physiological needs

One names physiological needs those related to the maintenance for the Homéostasie of the organization: regulation of biological great balances necessary to the maintenance of a physical state of Health.

Necessary to the survival of the person, they are pressing (to breathe, drink, make its needs, to eat, sleep, be heated,…) and can override the Conscience if they are not satisfied.

The presence on this level of the need to procreate is prone to discussion. This one, useful for the Espèce, does not seem necessarily present at all Individu, with the result that interpretations diverge.

Needs for safety

One names needs for safety those which are related to the aspiration of each one among us with being assured the following day physically like morally:

safety of a shelter (housing, house)
safety of the incomes and resources
physical safety against violence, delinquency, aggressions…
moral and psychological safety
safety and family or, at least, emotional stability
medical/social safety and of health

Needs for recognition and social membership

It is about the search of Communication and Expression, of membership of a group. This need for integration in the social link goes hand in hand with the need for recognition and consideration. The need for love must be able to be put in consideration (need to like, be liked, to form a couple).

This need appears by the atavistic behavior sometimes or Grégaire of the human being.

Needs for regard

Need to be respected, to respect oneself and to respect the others.

Need to occupy itself to be recognized, to have a developing activity that it is in the field of work, or in that of the leisures. It acts in particular, of the need to be carried out, to develop themselves (in its own eyes and the eyes of the others) through an occupation. The Resident needs also to make projects, to have objectives, opinions, convictions, to be able to express his ideas.

Needs for car-realization

Need to continue certain trainings with the implication of the taste of the effort, to know novel methods and to have purely satisfied activities. Need to communicate with its entourage and to take part, was this modestly, with the improvement of the world.

Interest of the model

Marketing

This pyramid is useful in Marketing, where it makes it possible to position a produced. Its aspect Logique undoubtedly has a reassuring effect there. It is however only about one outline of Méthodologie, which it is necessary to adapt to the Environnement studied. Beyond the first, it acts with strictly speaking more Aspiration S that of Besoin S.

Contribution with the comprehension of certain relational problems

The pyramid of Maslow can bring another vision of the relational problems within the couples for example.

Each one seeking to satisfy the needs for the level where it is, of the couples can be formed of which each of the two partners seeks to fill a different need. Except the case where both are on the ultimate level of the pyramid, case which will be statistically rare, that can lead to imbalances of the couple which, as they become conscious, are more and more badly lived by the two partners.

Defects and limits of the model

The pyramid of Maslow and one of the models of the motivation the most taught, in particular in formation with management. This model has the advantage of being immediately comprehensible and striking, but it has many limits which led to its practically total refutation.

Critical of the scientific validity

The base of the model of Maslow is the hierachisation of the needs. Sometimes however the individual seeks to satisfy needs of a higher nature even when those of the base of the hierarchy remain dissatisfied. This Hiérarchie imposes that a higher need is reached only on the condition of satisfying the others, whereas a stage can be last.

For example, the precarious workers are motivated often than those which profit from the job security. ^{réf with ajouter}

In addition, and just as in all the Model S by layers, the passage to roadbases calls in question the stability of the base courses. For example, the need for regard can bring to neglect the need for safety during bold but socially developed activities (various challenges and records).

So the scientists having tested the model of Maslow in experiments showed that it does not function.

Legitimacy of the model

Abraham Maslow studied only one population Occident ale and educated to lead to this result. Let us notice that in other models of companies this model is not valid forcing. It is a question of being questioned on the legitimacy of the model by taking of account the social context of the population or the studied individual.

Distinction between need and desire

The need is expressed by the unconscious brain in the form of an emotion which announces of it the presence and satisfaction or it not satisfaction; while the desire is expressed by the conscious brain in the form of words or of free acts.

For example, any individual needs to survive in the event of attack, by against attack, or the escape (unconscious or instinctive actions).

On the other hand, to want to have a car is a desire.

The sale uses different techniques to fill the need or the desire. The need is a feeling of lack or deprivation accompanied by a desire to see it disappearing.

Psychological aspects and mental processes

The vital needs result from the system sympathetic nerve (manages the life, survival, the reproduction) while the other needs result from the parasympathetic system (manages the requirements in a state for safety).

When the system sympathetic nerve operates, it uses a nervous network different from the parasympathetic system and the action on the subjects is different according to the system really in action. For example, when a person is on the sympathetic nerve (i.e in situation to protect itself from what is perceived as an attack engraves), the resources allocated with the stomach are tiny compared to the resources allocated with the self-defense. Digestion is thus done badly in situation of insecurity and stress. On the other hand, when the person feels safe, the parasympathetic system manages the digestion which is done normally and agreeably. The satisfaction of a need produces a positive emotion while it not satisfaction of the need produces a negative emotion. The meticulous analysis of the emotions makes it possible to correctly identify the announced need.

It is important to identify its needs well in order to satisfy them correctly.

When one carries (satisfied) his needs oneself, the parasympathetic system unconsciously emits affection and one can say that one likes oneself. When the need is satisfied by another person, the parasympathetic system unconsciously emits affection towards this other person. As the affection is emitted by the unconscious brain, it is not ordered starting from the conscious brain. One can say, in general, that the emotions are ordered, neither by the person itself, nor by another person.

Close classifications

Another classification, more reduced and thus simpler, is operated in Sociologie.

This classification is only on three levels:

primary education Need: vital need, physiological.
Whatever the studied company, it is impossible to occur some. Thus: to eat, sleep, live.
secondary Need: social need.
It is impossible to do without these needs to have a normal life in company. I.e.: to wash, have an address, to wear clothing in good state, to know to read…
tertiary Besoin: personal need.
Besoin which is used to feel well, with being in mental good health or simply of good mood. Thus: to have pastimes, to buy a certain mark…

Épicure classified as for him the " besoins" in four categories:

Nature's needs essential to the life (to drink, eat, sleep), to the good being (house, hygiene, dietetics, affection), and to happiness (philosophy, friendship, wisdom)
natural Aspirations which one can with the rigor do without (the sex, love, plays, arts, sciences, etc)
Aspirations human creation and thus artificial (richness, glory, etc)
Mystical and nonrealizable Aspirations (desires of immortality, etc)

The Neurosciences in addition highlighted as well the role of the pleasure as Souffrance in the cerebral activity being used as support with the Decision-making process.

See too

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