The putsch of Munich or putsch of the Brewery (in German Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch ) is the attempt at Putsch improvised by Adolf Hitler and its party, NSDAP in the evening of the November 8th 1923 and which was completed lamentably as of the following day.

Unfolding

Hitler and its partisans thought that the government Bavarian would support this action of which the goal was to reverse the republican government of Berlin. At the evening of the November 8th 1923, whereas Gustav von Kahr - general police chief of State in Bavaria - made a speech with the Bürgerbräukeller, a Brasserie of Munich, Hitler, Hermann Göring and SA made irruption in the room by declaring the “Revolution national”. By the intimidation, the Bavarian leaders - Gustav von Kahr, Otto von Lossow and Hans Ritter von Seißer - agreed to join this action, which they contradicted a few hours later with the radio after having succeeded in leaving the brewery.

In the morning of the November 9th, the putschists ravelled in front of the Feldherrnhalle (Marsch zur Feldherrnhalle), in the streets of Munich, and were face to face with the police force; shots burst shortly after on both sides. At the conclusion of the shooting, four police officers and sixteen putschists had died of which five only belonged to Stosstrupp (close guard of the Führer which will become the S under the orders of the Reichsführer Erhard Heiden). Hitler had the arm dislocated by his/her friend max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter who crumbled mortally wounded.

Adolf Hitler although wounded nevertheless had managed to flee. Following this bloody episode was born the legend according to which Graf, one of its bodyguards would have been used to him as shield, stopping of its body the balls which would not have failed to kill Führer. From there was born the myth from the more known flag ensanglanté under the name of the sacrifice of the old combatants. NSDAP will be interdict as of the November 9th. Its prohibition will be raised in April 1925. Hitler was stopped the November 11th and immediately imprisoned.

The lawsuit of the putschists, shown crime of high treason against the government proceeded then. April 1st 1924, Hitler was condemned to five years of prison, of which it will purge only thirteen months, with the prison of Landsberg amndt Lech (in company of Rudolf Hess and Emil Maurice). It will benefit from its imprisonment to write Mein Kampf . Besides the future dictator will dedicate the first volume of it to his companions in misfortune fallen on November 9th. There will be released as of the December 20th 1924, but will remain prohibited of word as a public.

Erich Ludendorff, which had also taken share with the putsch, was also judged, but without being condemned to the prison.

The young person Heinrich Himmler formed already part of the movement Nazi and even took part in the putsch as carry-standard in the name of Ernst Röhm which he venerated, but he will not be condemned considering his age.

As for Gustav von Kahr, it will be one of the victims of the Nuit of the Long Knives.

See too

• Weimar Republic
• Putsch

Note

Sources

• Joachim Fest, Hitler youth and conquest of the capacity , Gallimard, 1974;
• John Dornberg, Der Hitlerputsch. 9. November 1923 , Langen Müller, 1998 (English original).

Simple: Beer Hall Putsch

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