Purchasing card

A purchasing card is a type of Means of payment in the form of chart plastic, equipped with a magnetic band and/or electronic chip (see Smart card), who allows:

the payment of purchases and performances of service, near suppliers having a “terminal of payment” (replacing the old “domestic iron”) which can read the chart and connected or not to its bank or in an apparatus of automatic Distribution;
the withdrawals of species to the automatic teller machines;
the home-bankings Internet, etc

Its acceptance implies that the global area network with which the chart is associated is accepted by the electronic payment terminal (TPE) of the tradesman. The two most known networks are VISA and Mastercard.

The French interbank network is a characteristic; any chart having mark “CB - Bank card” makes it possible to pay by the means of the French interbank network (usually called “Credit card”, whereas it is only about one particular mark).

Various types of chart

chart of flow

It accepts various options with the choice of the carrier:

immediate flow: charge on the bank account by the bank of the carrier from day to day;
differed flow: the account of the carrier is output periodically on fixed date, even mobile: last open day of the month;
payment or simple withdrawal in vending machine of ticket (DAB);
with systematic authorization or not;
with international or national use, etc

credit card

functioning according to the principle of the Credit révolving, with the refunding of the expenditure at the bank spread out by Monthly payment S for the user.

electronic porte-monnaie

SME are similar to a chart telephone and reserved for the small expenditure:

Moneo in France;
Proton in Belgium;
CASH in Swiss;
Geldkarte in Germany;
Chart Octopus with Hong-Kong.

It can be possibly reduced to a simple electronic chip integrated (in Japan) into the Cellphone.

other charts

the chart businesses: for the management of the expenses of the collaborators of a company
the chart purchase: for the purchases of supply of the company
the Discount card (Loyalty)
the associative chart (Affinity)
the chart city
the virtual card ( isolated blue , to also see E-trade)
the Chart Me ruffle

Identification

The bank card is characterized by a BIN ( Bank Identification Number ) which makes it possible to identify the establishment transmitting chart.

The ISO 7810 is the international standard which defines the three formats for the charts: ID-1, ID-2, and ID-3. A bank card carries for identifier: the BIN, the name of the holder, the start date of validity (sometimes), the completion date of validity as well as number CVV or CVV2 (last three digits with the back of the chart).

The management of the support

The charts are manufactured by card winders , such as for example Oberthur, Sagem, ~~Gemplus~~ , ~~Axalto~~ (ex Schlumberger), Gemalto,…
In general, the chart is manufactured for the transmitter which will give it to its customer. When the chart is associated with a Secret code, this last is communicated directly by the manufacturer with the carrier, by mail To net --> (without passing by the transmitting bank) in order to guarantee a better safety.

History

Genesis of the chart

1914 - Western Union - chart out of metal

1950 - Dinners' Club: purchasing card in the form of small notebook

1951 - first bank cards of payment - out of paperboard

1957 - American Express and the first plastic chart

1960 - embossage of the charts

1971 - magnetic tracks

1974 - the smart card

The era of the chip

1979 - the first publiphones in France

1982 - the telephone chart with chip

1989 - the chart with crypto processor

1992 - the telephone chart to scrape

1994 - electronic porte-monnaie

1997 - the chart without contact

2001 - the virtual telephone chart

2002 - isolated blue the

2004 - first bank cards without contact

Birth of the purchasing card

1914 - Western Union - support of identification

1914 - 1950: identification associated with a credit

1950 - Dinners' Club: purchasing card

1951 - Franklin National Bank: bank card of credit

1953 - bank cards of flow

1957 - birth of BankAmericard (future Aimed)

1958 - birth of the chart American Express

Années 1960 - birth of the privative credit cards Cetelem, Sofinco, Cofinoga

Années 1960 - birth in Sweden of Eurocard

Birth of the wide-area networks

1967 - birth of Interbank (future MasterCard)

1967 - birth of Load Master

1967 - birth of the charts of bank (guaranteed accounts - checks)

1967 - birth of the Credit card

1968 - birth of Eurocheck

1968 - agreements Interbank and Charge Master which will become MasterCard

1977 - birth of Visa

1978 - birth of the cobrandées charts

1978 - birth of Visa Europe in London

1979 - birth of MasterCard

1980 - the magnetic track spreads

Internationalization

1974 - agreements Americard Credit card: the international Credit card

1977 - the Agricultural credit distributes Eurocard

1978 - the Agricultural credit repurchases Eurocard

1979 - first electronic payment terminals in France

1983 - birth of the AFB

1984 - birth of the GIE Bank cards

1985 - the charts of prestige Amex Gold (what existed since 1966 in the United States where the Platine chart was introduced in 1984), Visa First, MasterCard Gold

Interbancarity

1984 - Interac with the Canada

1985 - the interbancarity

1985 - Bank cards chooses the chip

1986 - charts of prestige in France

1986 - Cetelem emits Bank cards

1986 - the credit cards Credit card

1988 - the credit revolving in the banks (plural, crédilion…)

1989 - Cofinoga creates the Bank Sigma

1989 - the UAP launches its credit card

1990 - first withdrawal in the network Bank cards

1992 - installation of the Bank cards with chip

1994 - fidelity and purchasing card: Not Sky of Cofinoga

The era of the changes

1994 - birth of the CRY for the transfers of large amount between banks

1995 - readers of chips in the DAB

1996 - Europay, MasterCard and Visa launches EMV

1998 - billetic experiments in France

1998 - experiments of the electronic Porte-monnaie in France

2000 - payment on Internet: the beginnings

1998 - evolution of TPE for the passage to CB 5.1

1999 - evolution of TPE for the passage at the year 2000

1999 - creation of the European Central bank

2000 - payment on Internet: encoding

2001 - evolution of TPE for the passage to the Euro

2002 - payment on Internet: the authentification

2003 - installation of EMV in Europe

2004 - deployment of EMV in France

The Dematerialization

it isolated blue
virtual telephone charts: e-voucher and e-topup
the e-gift solution for the charts gift
the e-DAC solution for the fuel

Economic weight

In 2005, it was estimated that the Trading S of the European Union paid more than 25 billion euros in commissions for the use of the purchasing cards on a total sales turnover on the sales outlets of 1350 billion euros. The purchasing cards would contribute to a total value of 25% of the Profit S of the sector of the Banque of detail.

Competing stakes

The economic sector of the purchasing cards is in the center of the curiosity of several authorities of competition or regulation in various countries; it is not by chance. It is an industry of network founded on markets double-faced cloth; two of its protagonists - Visa and MasterCard - are associations of banks, themselves the result of Joint-venture S, which distribute the charts to the carriers and propose services with the tradesmen who accept these charts. These characteristics imply that the sector could not be sufficiently competing and call the intervention of the authorities of competition or of Régulation. However, these same characteristics make difficult the determination of the assessment competing by reference to the usual standards of the Droit of competition. The economic analysis necessary for the decisions of right of the Competition or to the policies of regulation ridge on these economic models which are presented as innovators.

See too

External bonds

Blog on the Credit card
Key of the bank

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