The Puntland is an area of the North-East of the Somalia, whose capital is Garowe (area of Nugaal), whose chiefs declared themselves independent in 1998. The current government seems to see this movement like an attempt to remake of Somalia a federal republic. With the difference of the close Somaliland, he does not seek the independence of Somalia. This name derives from the Pays of Pount mentioned in texts of the ancient Egypt, that some believe capacity to locate in current Somalia.
History
Puntland is regarded as an autonomous State within Somalia. In 1969, when the Somali government were victim of a Coup d'etat, years of war and chaos followed. A missed invasion of the Ethiopia made following the displacement of the Soviet bearing of Somalia towards Ethiopia, where a government pro-Soviet had arrived at the capacity. Deprived of the support of the Soviets, Somalia turned to the the United States, which allowed Siad Barre, autoproclamé president of the country, to remain with the capacity until the end of the Cold war, in 1991. When the the USSR crumbled, the American support with the Somali government ceased, and Bar was reversed.
After that, the Somali did not have any more a strong government, constant wars devastating the south of the country. These events led to the secession of Somaliland in 1991, which had already been briefly independent in 1960. Violences persisted, incentive UNO to send a gripping force of peace in Somalia torn by the war. The mission of assistance ended on March 3rd, 1994 after the Bataille of Mogadiscio.
Somalia remained unstable and, in 1998, Puntland was declared autonomous under the presidency of Abdullah Yusuf Ahmed (appointed president of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front ). Although this separation was carried out for tribal reasons, the purpose of this nation is paramount the confederation of the clans. Since 1998, frontier quarrels opposed Puntland and Somaliland about the areas of Sool and Sanaag.
With the difference of the autoproclamé State of Somaliland, Puntland does not seek to be recognized like a nation by the international community. He seeks to become a federal division inside a federal republic of plain Somalia. But both “ Lands ” have a joint thing: they base both on the support of the chiefs of tribes and their organization is it also founded on the tribe and the relationship. The Somali capital, Mogadiscio, and the other cities of the south are known as being much less developed than the cities of Puntland and Somaliland (Bosaso, Hargeisa, Las Anod, Garowe, etc). These two autoproclamés States are economically and politically constant by Ethiopia, adversary historical of Somalia.
Puntland made for the first time the experiment of the political agitation in 2001, when president Ahmed wanted to see his lengthened mandate. Ahmed and Jama Ali Jama fought for the control of the country, and in 2002, Ahmed carried the victory. He was president until in October 2004, date on which he was elected president de Somalie. He succeeded Muhammad Abdi Hashi, which was president until in January 2005, where it was represented but was not re-elected, Parliament preferring to him the general Mohamud MUSE Hersi (“Adde”). In December 2004, Puntland suffered serious damage which had with the Tsunami of December 26th, 2004, occasion to which the international community was shown to be unaware of African Puntland and the other States touched by the catastrophe.
In November 2006, the Union of the Islamic courts would have taken Bandiiradley, a town of a considerable strategic importance located not far from the border between Puntland and Mudug. However, the spokesperson of the war leader Abdi Hassan Awale Qeybdiid claims that its troops did nothing but carry out one strategic retirement out of the zone. Mohamed Mohamud Jama, spokesperson of the Islamic courts, announced that the Court envisaged to go on Galkacyo, of which a part is claimed by Puntland. This same month, the Adde general announced that it would control in agreement with the Islamic law, but in a way different from the Islamic courts in order to avoid “politicizing the religion”. Adde announced then that Puntland would resist any attack of the Courts.
Geography
The “Puntland”, with its more big city, the port of Bosasso (49,10 E, 11,07 NR, ex Bender Qasim and Moxylon in antiquity), extends from Mow Qorey (48.11 E, 11.09 NR) on the septentrional coast until Garad (appr. 49.23 E, 7.01 NR) on the Eastern coast, and Galk' ayo inside - city divided between the South Somalia and Puntland. Bosasso is bound by a tarred road with Mogadiscio and by the sea and the air with the Arabic peninsula, initially the Yemen and the Oman, but also directly with Dubai. Bosasso is used for export of incense and meat and with the importation of all the consumer goods, coming for the majority from Dubai. The border between Somaliland and Puntland is disputed because not corresponding to the limits of the principal clans.- Garoowe (Capital of the State)
- Eyl
- Burtinle
- Dangorayo
- Bari
- Bosaso (Regional capital and commercial. The largest city of the State.)
- Calula
- Qandala
- Carmo
- Qodax
- Bali Dhidhin
- Dud hooye
- Hafun
-
Karkar
- Qardho (Regional capital)
- Isku-Shuban
- Bandar Beyla
-
Cayn
- Widhwidh
- Horufadhi
- Dhahar (Regional capital)
- Baran
- Xingalol
-
Sool
- Laascaanood (Regional capital)
- Taleex (Quoted historical)
- Xudun
- Yagoori
Source
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