Pompée Large the ( Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus ) is a general and Roman statesman , born the September 28th of the year 106 av. J. - C. in the Picenum, (in the current area of the Marches), in Italy and dead the September 27th of the year 48 av. J. - C. with Péluse, close to Alexandria, in Egypt. It was married four times and married in second weddings Julia, the girl of Jules César.

Biography

Pumped is the son of the Roman general Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo who pointed out himself doubly at the time of the social Guerre, and thereafter by the hatred which the people of Rome were to dedicate to him, which will make say to Plutarque: “Never father will not have succeeded in obtaining such an amount of hatred and his son so much of glory”.

At 23 years, he inherits the army of his father and is instituted of his general own boss. He takes the party of Sylla for which he beats the partisans of Caius Marius in Sicily and in Africa. He overcomes then Marcus Aemilius Lepidus which fomented an agitation.

Energy of victories in victories, it is acclaimed Imperator by its troops, whereas it is yet only a knight, which is an exceptional fact for the time. It did not have any official load indeed. Victorious incomes of many campaigns counter the last partisans of the party of Marius, it receives Sylla the nickname ( Cognomen ) of “Magnus”, which means “the Large one” in reference to Alexandre Large the. This nickname discreetly flattered Pompée and he will judge good to use it later, once its military glory will be with its apogee. Sylla then dictator of Rome decides to grant a Triomphe to him, whereas Crassus obtained only the Ovation.

Starting from 77 av. J. - C., it is sent in Hispanie to fight against the last partisans of Marius and, after many combat, it succeeds in overcoming the troops of Sertorius at the end ten years of baited fights, and after this last was assassinated by one of its men, Perpenna. It returns in Italy and disperses there the last wandering bands (5 000 runaways) of Spartacus, that Crassus had just beaten (71 av. J. - C.) gaining by there the affection of the people of Rome.

In 70 av. J. - C., it is named Consul with Crassus, which is a completely abnormal fact for the time since Pompée did not follow the Cursus honorum (the quaestorship, the municipal administration, the préture), way obliged to reach the Consul At.

During the winter 67 av. J. - C., it receives by the Lex Gabinia (of the name of the Tribun of the plebs Gabinius) one Imperium (command) exceptional to eliminate the Piraterie from the Mediterranean. Indeed, by their ceaseless raids, the pirates who disturbed considerably the transport of vivres towards Rome from Egypt, threatened to starve the Italian peninsula. Pumped discharged its function and achieves it in three months. In the tread in 66 av. J. - C., and under the terms of a new law, the Lex Manilia , giving him new a exceptional Imperium on Asia (means and exceptional capacities suggested by a Powerful orator of the plebs Caius Manilius), it leaves to shift in the East to fight the king of the Bridge Mithridate VI Eupator, at the time of a war started with Lucullus and which lasted for ever. This bright victory makes it possible Rome to extend towards the Bithynie, the Pont, the Syria and the Judaea, thus posing the bases of the future domination of the Empire Romain in the East. On its return in 61 av. J. - C., it celebrates its Triomphe, which was delayed six months by the Sénat.

In 60 av. J. - C., it takes part in the First triumvirate with Jules César and Crassus. It obtains there the control of the Hispanie, the Africa and Rome. He marries Julia the girl of Jules César, to consolidate the bonds of this political pact with César.

In 55 av. J. - C., Pompée is named consul for the second time and is built one of the largest Roman theaters as well as the Curie of Pumped.

The civil war

After the death of Crassus, at the time of the terrible defeat of Carrhes (53 av. J. - C.) against the Parthes and whereas César is in Gaulle, whereas Rome is in prey with the disorders and seditions, the Senate, under the influence of Bibulus and Caton, creates a law electing Pompée single consul in 52 av. J. - C.. The people accept this nomination and Pompée starts a third consulate, against the principle of collegial structure and Loi of Sylla which required a ten years deadline between two consulates. However Pompée will give itself for colleague his new father-in-law, Metellus Scipion, during the last five months of its consulate. After having obtained the end of the disorders in Rome, Pompée makes declare César outlaw in 49 av. J. - C. César walk then on Rome, crossing the Rubicon and Pompée, with court of time, leaves Rome for Brundisium, where it is joined by his partisans, of the senators and the consuls.

Time and money lack to pay its soldiers, them to aguerrir, Pompée initially prefers to avoid any direct confrontation with César, and embarks for the Greece. While César fights the supports pompéiens in Hispanie, Pompée gathers under its command most of the Roman troops of the East. After a first confrontation in Thessalie favorable to Pompée which leaves the army of César strongly weakened, it plans to turn over to Italy, but finally prefers to try to complete its rival. In 48 av. J. - C., the decisive combat takes place on the plain of Pharsale. In spite of a ratio of 3 compared with 1 in its discredit, César leaves victorious a battle which was to seal the fate of the Roman world, constraining Pompée with the escape.

Pumped tries to take refuge in Egypt, but Ptolémée XIII, brother and husband of Cléopâtre, and the regent Pothin, by fear of reprisals, make it assassinate as of his arrival by Septimus, a former soldier of Pumped on the beach of Péluse. Roof of the Pompée infamy is decapitated and the body without head of the one of the largest generals of Rome will remain on this end of beach without burial during a few days. Ptolémée XIII thought of giving pleasure with César while offering to him in gift the head its old enemy. But César, either by pity, or by policy, was took of an immense sorrow and offered funeral to this large Romain. The death of Pumped had in the medium term important consequences in Egypt since, thereafter, César deposited Ptolémée XIII, carried out Pothin the instigator of the assassination, and put Cléopâtre on the throne of Egypt.

He is the father of Sextus Pompée and Pompée the Young person.