The pulp of Bordeaux is a Fongicide manufactured by neutralization of a solution of Copper sulfate by extinct lime. It contains 20 % of Copper (expressed coppers metal of it). She was discovered by the chemist of Bordeaux Ulysses Gayon and the botanist Alexis Millardet with the beginning of the year 1880.
She was used in the beginning, to protect the vines from the Mildiou, following the observations made by the wine growers who treated their vines with the “Vitriol”, in order to discourage the grape robbers.
Effective against some cryptogamic diseases (Blister of fishing, Mildew, Tavelure, canker…) and some bacterial diseases (bactériose…).
Be used on the Fruit trees (Pêcher, Pommier, Abricotier, Prunier) before flowering and after harvest. Be also used on Potato, Tomate, Vigne, strawberry plant, and many other plants.
The rate of treatment is of approximately 15 days, according to the Climate. The treatments are only preventive, and must be realized before the rain. They “are washed” by a rain or a sprinkling of 20 with 40 mm, according to the product formulation. That wants to say that it should be started again the treatment as soon as it was washed.
Toxicity
The pulp of Bordeaux is by far antifongic the least toxic employee in agriculture; however, a repeated use of the pulp of Bordeaux in certain vineyards leads to an accumulation of copper in the ground, because this metal is not degraded and detergent little. According to a study of INRA one found more 200 mg/kg (whereas the natural content of the grounds is evaluated between 2 and 60 mg/kg). These concentrations can be toxic for the micro-organisms of the grounds, and the Vigne itself. Its use for the period Flowering - Nouaison is to be proscribed because it causes the Coulure. In the Moût S the presence of copper excess is toxic for the Levure S of the alcoholic Fermentation. On white Sauvignon, copper is harmful for the varietal Arôme S whose precursor is a sulfur molecule. An effect of the same type is suspecté on rosy Wine with the recent identification of an aromatic precursor (3-mercapto-hexanol or 3 MH) which is also a sulfur compound.
Legislation
The pulp of Bordeaux is authorized in Organic farming in some limiting: until the 31 December 2005, within the maximum limit of 8 kilograms of copper per hectare and per annum, and as from the 1er January 2006, within the maximum limit of 6 kilograms of copper per hectare and per annum. For the perennial cultures, like the vine, the Member States can carry by way of derogation the maximum amount until 38 kilograms of copper per hectare (until the 31 December 2006). It will have to decrease beyond that.
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