Publicity

Definition

Publicity is a form of Communication, of which the goal is to fix the attention of its target on an object, and to encourage it to adopt a behavior determined with respect to this last. It can relate to absolutely anything, for example:

a electric household appliances, Consumer good (food, etc), a service (insurance, banks, tourism, etc). The term of claims , traditionally employed for this branch of publicity, fell in disuse.

a person, a place, an organization, or a project or an action (organization of sports event, charitable action, etc): one speaks then about promotion (although for the advertizing executives, this word is also used for the produced within the meaning of Sales promotion: offer presented like advantageous and to short duration of life)

an idea, a Ideology, a Concept or a Information, official or of private origin (associations, foundations, etc), aiming at behavioral changes or the promotion of values considered as positive or beneficial to the level of company (warning statement against drugs, incentive with the respect of the environment, traffic control, etc);

General information

Publicity media: one calls publicity any form of interactive communication using a paying support set up for the account of a transmitter as tel.

To achieve this goal, publicity generally has very little time. It is necessary for him thus almost simultaneously to collect the attention, to retain it, and transmit its message. In this direction, publicity could be classified in the category of the techniques of handling of the conscience.

Publicity with business ends

Commercial publicity proposes to increase the sales of a product, even the brand image of a company. It is organized with the help of finances by advertizing agencies which undertake to organize publicity campaigns whose principal components are the logo, the visual one (the image), the signature, one (or of) sales point… By posters, leaflets distributed in the public places or on the spot of sale, of the leaflets distributed in the letter-boxes or sent by mail, of the commercials on television, to the radio or the cinema, even on Internet.

Famous quotations

“the best of publicities is a good product” Alan Meyer
“In the press, only publicities say the truth” Thomas Jefferson
“publicity, it is the greatest form of art of the XXe century” Marshall Mc Luhan
“publicity handles us, but it does it in a way healthy and clear since it announces the color” Christian Blachas
“By call that my life I will end up believing in it. It is the principle of publicity” Samuel Beckett
“It is the promotion which makes the artist or degree zero of art” John Hamon
“God himself believes in publicity: he put bells in the churches” Aurélien Scholl
“the advertizing executives are caught for procreators. They are not that obstetricians” Jacques Séguéla
“do not seek the magic elsewhere, the magic is in your product” William Bernbach
“Any publicity is a good publicity” Andy Warhol

Economic aspects of publicity

Publicity is an essential aspect of the consumer society. But which is its economic and commercial function real? Its effectiveness? The latter is not so easy to measure, the more so as one of the functions of publicity is to make it possible to the consumer to rationalize the purchase afterwards, to save to him the consecutive bad conscience with the choice and the expenditure. Economic reality and commercial essentially, publicity intends to act on our behavior by taking support on our representations. It corresponds to a fundamental tendency of the consumer society: to create demand necessary for superabundant and innovating.

The economic weight of publicity

It is relatively easy to measure the intrinsic economic weight of the advertizing sector, finally reduced (in 1990, it accounted for 0,76% of GDP French and employed 50.000 people), but expanding, as well as the cost for the consumer of the promotion campaigns of a product, integrated into the selling price. One also knows at which point the survival of the media, especially those of the written press, depends on the advertizing basket. In 2000, year very ostentation because for example of the advent of new technological products, the investments of communication carried out in the world by the companies in the five great supports (press for 44% of the advertizing investments in France in 1994, television for 35%, posting for 12%, radio for 8% and cinema for 1% only) crossed the bar of the 300 billion dollars. This traditional type of publicity accounts for from now on 1% of the world GDP. On their side, direct publicity and promotional operations weigh 120 billion dollars. For a few years, the companies of publicity have been taken in a process of universalization and concentration.

New media appeared, Internet, which weighs already more than the cinema, but 25 times less than television: in 2000,122 million euros of advertizing investments in France. The year 2005 was however remembered by a strong progression of this sector.

The worldwide market of publicity is estimated in 2006 at 2 billion dollars for the cinema, 16 billion dollars for Internet, 21 for the out-media, 35 for the radio, 54 for the magazines, 120 for newspapers 153 for television is a total of 401 billion dollars.

In France, for 2006, one considers the publicity expense total (all confused activities and sectors) at 21.3 billion d'€.

Impact of publicity

It is already more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of publicity, its contribution to the total request like its influence on the distribution of the request: does it stimulate competition, or, more probably, supports it the concentration of the request on a small number of marks? Advertizing executives consider that the majority of the messages are not even perceived of the public, which works out strategies of avoidance or resistance, even less not memorized. The provision of the products in the linear ones is finally much more determining in the purchase, from where the recourse to publicity on the place of sale itself. One then includes/understands the direction of the efforts of creative within the advertizing agencies. The nature of the media used is at least as important as the message, because it is a question of not missing the target, the potential buyer or the prescriber (his/her children, its spouse, its doctor). It is also necessary to meet its interests, concocter a message transparent, concise, which will remain in memory thanks to the originality, or the drolery of the form.

Publicity is with the service of the marketing strategy of the company: the communication is indeed one of the four elements of action on the market, with the product itself, its price, and the distribution. It is thus a question above all of making known a new product and of selling it; to increase the consumption of an existing product, fidéliser customers or to discharge that of competition, to decrease the seasonal character of the sales. The message itself has less as an aim to inform on nature of the goods or the company to allure, bring the potential customers, suitably targeted, to see in the product and especially in the mark the promise of the satisfaction of a desire, or a need; even an element of its own identity. Thus, publicity must conform to waitings of the consumer, to the standards of the company, even when it makes mine hustle them. It does not create, it amplifies and diffuses, note Dayan. The creative ones wonder about the behavior of the consumers, the modification of their lifestyles. They use and misuse the surveys. They neglect neither the contributions of sociology nor those of psychology, which leads them to privilege the unconscious motivations. Thus, they carefully avoid causing phenomena of dissonance, i.e. to dispute the representations and the lifestyles of the target.

Publicity and the sport

From this point of view, the sport is indisputably carrying. It has a very positive image in the opinion, in spite of a certain dispute of the Olympic model whose advertizing executives can hold account. It carries at the same time the values of individualism and those of the company: wellbeing, form, dynamism, competitive spirit and going beyond of oneself (always more productivity and stress), but also of team, technological prowess in certain cases. It thus connects the two poles of the modern societies: the leisure and work. Also the image of the sportsman in full action it is often used in publicity. The advertizing executives also intend to benefit from the media impact of the sporting great events.

But the bonds between publicity and the sport do not stop there. Initially, the product can have a direct relationship with the physical-activity: articles and sport clothing, soft drinks, food. The champions form integral part of the public image, of what the economists call his “immaterial credit”. The athletic performance is not thus used only as testing ground with the technology integrated in the product. It is a dimension of the policy of communication of the company, an aspect of its “event-driven communication”. But the practice of sponsorship (mixed liability company) is not confined with the only articles and sport clothing. In 1989, sponsorship accounted for 5% of the publicity expenses in France (17% in Italy). Let us add that in France the manufacturers of cigarettes or alcoholic drinks seek to divert the restrictions on publicity concerning their products while posting themselves in the stages, abuse which the law Evin of 1991 intends to repress.

Stages of the development of a plan of communication

Drafting of the strategy of the communication

Definition of the objectives and recall of the role of the communication in put advertiser (notoriety, attraction, preference, to eliminate a brake, to improve the image…) ;
Characteristic of the targets of communication:

definition of the target: one generally distinguishes the main target (and the heart of the target) from the secondary target. The first is a broad panel, for example the French population, with a heart which would be the housewives of more than 50 years, whereas second is consisted the influenceurs (prescribers, leaders of opinion, journalists, associations of consumption),
attitude of the target with regard to the product or the mark;

Characteristic of competition;
Recall of the principal constraints: financial, legal…

Drafting of the creative strategy

Contained message: to find a topic, an axis, an idea likely to justify the target concerned;
Structure of the message: in which order is necessary it to present the arguments? Does one have to deliver a message with one way or double direction? Does one have to conclude?
Format of the message: selection of the words, the tone of voice, the rate/rhythm for a radio operator spot; cut title, text, image, color for a poster… ;
Source of the message: the credibility of the source reinforces the effectiveness of the message.

Publicity in psychology

In 1968 the Zajonc psychologist explains that: “The simple repetition of a stimulus is enough so that it is gradually perceived more positively”. Thus, the fact of repeating a message improves its image in an increasingly positive direction.

Principal techniques of communication (advertizing media)

publicity media
sales promotion
sponsorship: mixed liability company and patronage
direct marketing
the public relations
the relations Presses
the street marketing

One distinguishes two main categories of advertizing media: media and except media.

Media

Among the media, one can quote:

Television: commercials (films) (televisual Publicity)
Radio: commercials (its, noises)
Press: announce-press (text and image)
Posting: billboards (4x3,) movable urban (Pillar-shaped billboard), Bus shelter, station Velo' v, Self-adhesive S (images)
Cinema: commercials, placements of products
Mobile phone: commercials (texto, ms) Publicity and mobile phone S
Web: advertizing banners

Internet, taking into account the personalization of the advertisements which it is possible to make, is in the middle them debates aiming to regard it or not as media, even if of course it is support of publicity. The force of media lies in its capacity at touching the targets, Internet allows a follow-up, contents, a versatility (video, image, graphic charter, blog, viral, etc) that no other media present. Thus, the Web budget in a campaign reaches easily 25% of the budget media against 10% still a few years ago, this powerful evolution makes Internet the most powerful media of all the media.

Except media

Event-driven
Mixed liability company
direct marketing: the mass mailing (publicity in residence in the name of the recipient)

Economic strategy of the commercial valorization of the mark or the products: to make sell a message (marketing).

Mercatique direct (or direct marketing): sending of mass mailing per post way or email, association of intruding Windows advertizing at an address Internet…

The mercatic direct one is a particular form of the commercial step, with the intersection of the communication and distribution (in certain forms one speaks about relational sales)

Relations presses: consist in contacting journalists so that they relay the message with their assistantship.
Patronage: financing of an association, Governmental organization… to ensure a visibility and to sit a Positioning.

Institutional strategy of social valorization of the company: to put forward a message (civic).

One speaks about publicity campaign to describe a publicity multimedia which lasts in time.

Whatever the support, the advertizing Slogan remains a showpiece of publicity.

Agency-councils in publicity in France

An agency is an organization, composed charged specialists, on behalf of the advertisers, of the design, the execution and the control of the publicity campaigns.

advertizing agencies (nonexhaustive)

Air
BDDP & Wire
BETC Euro RSCG
Callegari Berville Grey
CLM BBDO
Colorado
DDB
Draft FCB
Duke
FFL
Full 6
H
Hakuhodo
Havas Advertizing
JWT (J. Walter Thompson)
Leg
Leo Burnett
Lowe Stratéus
the Himalayas
the thing
Marcel
McCann-Erikson
M&C SAATCHI.GAD
Ogilvy & Mather
Publicis
Saatchi & Saatchi
TBWA
Tequila
. V.
Venice
Young & Rubicam

For the groups to which the agencies belong, to refer to

Partners of publicity

August 1st

Advertiser
Agency: Commercial department, Department creation, Media planning, strategic Planning, Direction manufacture
Survey firms
Production companies: Realization of films, photographs…
Controls: Attached to supports or agencies
Supports
Purchasing group of space

Principal stages of development of a publicity campaign

August 1st

1 general Step

Definition of the advertizing strategy: Targets, Objectives, Forced
Development of messages (Copy strategy bottom and form)

- > coordination

Development of the media plan: Studies media/supports, Selection, Media plan and planning

- > Possible modifications

Launching and control

2 Development of the messages

the Copy strategy:

Promise (axis): Specific proposal made to the consumer
Proof (justification): Support of the promise corresponding to a distinctive characteristic of the product
consuming Benefit : more brought by the use of the Product, the advantage suggested
the tone : elements of the message aiming at creating an atmosphere

the advertisement

It is composed of several elements which can be visual, written or sound. The principal elements are: hangs (jingle which announces the advertizing), the visual one, the informative text (body Copy), the slogan, the mark, the logo and the signature of the advertizing agency (baseline).

Development of the media plan

Definition: optimal combination of media and supports which, taking into account the moments of passage of the messages, makes it possible to reach the major part of the target aimed to the lower costs, with an amount of repetition per individual.
the choice of media and the supports, which includes/understands several stages:

Elimination of the inalienable media (prohibited media, saturated media or unsuited media)
Evaluation of the possible media and choice of basic media according to the product, of the practices of the target as regards information, the message and the cost.
Study and evaluation of various possible combinations between the basic media and other media.

The choice of the supports is carried out according to various criteria qualitative and quantitative…

the plan of the supports must specify:

combination of the selected supports
the number of insertions or passages in each support
the rate/rhythm of passage and unfolding in time
the budget
people concerned

Evolution of publicity

Publicity is an activity as old as the trade, in the minimal form of the signs and the advertisements on the fairground. But its development begins at dawn from the Industrial revolution, which changes the world commercial. The multiplication of the offer of products permitted by the machine production meets the needs for the population quickly. It is not enough any more to put a product on the market so that it is sold, it becomes paramount from now on to make known it, to promote it. The principal advertizing mode of expression, the poster, gives at the beginning of the 20th century achievements which reach the state of work of art with Chéret, Henri of Toulouse-Lautrec, Cassandre, Cappiello, etc

The development of the radio gives to publicity a new field, often exploiting the repertory of the song and developing an association between an oral slogan and visual (like celebrates it “Dubo, Dubon, Dubonnet”). This period also opens the era of expensive publicity campaigns, that only important groups can be paid (spots radios then, especially, tele spots) and who gives them an important advantage on smaller competitors (because, even if its cost is very high, the publicity of mass is infinitely less expensive by contact with the consumer). Publicity becomes a crucial factor of competitiveness; a good publicity can ensure the fortune of the company while a missed campaign sign its death.

Until in the Years 1970, the Marketing is implied little in the advertizing strategy, leaving free course to creation, with sometimes of the drifts. It is in this decade that publicity around the product or service is centred which it promotes, with the development of ideas like positioning or the notoriety and the appearance of reliable tools to measure the advertizing repercussions.

In France, the law Sapin voted in December 1992 starts an serious attack in the world of the communication. The advertizing agencies had as a practice to carry out very strong margins without the knowledge of their customers on the purchases of space which they carried out. The law Sapin puts at the great day this pernicious method, the customers discover up to which point they were misled, the relationship of trust arranges advertizing executive-advertiser crumbles at the same time as the incomes of the agencies.

The “Shockvertising” is an advertizing practice increasingly used, while the campaigns become sometimes world.

Opposition to publicity

At the beginning of XXIe century, each French (for example; the situation is identical in the other developed countries) is on average subjected each day to surroundings eight hundred advertisements: TV, posters, radio, like contact with others (wearing of clothing of mark and discussions on subjects… about which publicity speaks . The marks are also omnipresent in our company. Some individuals and movements worry about the influence of this phenomenon and militate against this one.

The critic is exerted on three distinct levels

the contents and the container
the abuses
the existence

Critical of the contents

Publicity has little time to act, it thus uses criticizable means to improve its effectiveness.

Need for the stereotype

Having little time to make pass an idea, it will often rest on a Generally accepted idea. Publicity thus uses often Stéréotype traditional S and stereotypes: the woman (fair) is with the kitchen, the man (white) with work, and the children (merry) in a comfortable house, with Juste a pinch of exoticism sympathetic nerve. It arrives sometimes however that she uses against-roles in order to cause the attention of the consumer. In addition sometimes, if she seeks to cause, to even shock (case of the United Kingdom with traffic control), she does not cease reactualizing her supports which passed from the copious woman to the child nowadays. Beyond the stereotypes, publicity seeks to allure through an image “Politiquement correct E” such as the child and more generally baby as one finds as well for the car (Opel) that for fast-food industry (Mc Donald).

Call to the basic impulses

Seeking the effectiveness, it will use each time possible strong feelings or instincts, by shorting-circuit the reflection. Publicity will thus see flowering of the Pin-up offered, as well as advantageous males. Georges Bernanos goes even further in this vision while affirming than the engines of choice of publicity are quite simply the seven deadly sins, for the reason which it is much easier to rest on the Vice S of the man than on his Besoin S . Still the publicity about which the author at his time speaks did not exist it under current form. It consisted then especially of classifieds and “claims”.

Need for the innovation for the innovation

It is not easy to be pointed out in the middle of seven thousand advertisements. Publicity thus will try to cause for being better engraved in the spirits.

The silent partner often wishes to affirm an image of innovation and audacity (technical or artistic). A dared publicity diverting of the religious or assimilated symbols or not hesitating to make use of violence can be a publicity successful in terms of influence on the public. It is established besides that discharges of Adrénaline make more effective memorizing.

One thus understands that, between stereotypes, sex and violence, publicity is criticized and even, sometimes, condemned in justice.

Deformation of the critical spirit

Publicity, by definition, insists on qualities of a product without underlining the defects of them (it is indeed not its role). The public generally knows that publicity is a form of lie, would be this only by omission,

either which it estimates to be able to make the sorting,
or that it makes fun about it insofar as it does not relate to products which interests it. A study of the Harvard Business Review confirmed that the impact of publicity was large for the products towards which the consumer is indifferent (detergents, for example) and no one for those which are due to him in heart (religion, etc)
either because it regards publicity as the shape of spectacle (case of Bernard Pivot).

Handling of the unconscious one

Edward Bernays (1891-1955), advertizing executive, admits in his book Propagande (1928): those which handle this mechanism constitute the true executive power of the country. We are regents, our moulded mentality, our formed tastes, our suggested ideas, mainly by people about which we never intended to speak. It is them which draw the strings (see).

Bernays does not only refer to the political Propagande, but well to the publicity, whose means are the same ones: its countryside for American Tobacco Company in the years 1920 to encourage the Woman S to smoke consisted in for example visually regularly associating the right Cigarette and the or the freedom of the woman. This countryside made as well increase the sales as the company Philip Morris took up later this idea for the men and launched the famous Cow-boy Marlboro.

Abuses

Like any activity, publicity is subjected to a regulation and a Déontologie.

No regulation protects yet (2006) the consumer against bludgeoning from the same message several tens of time in the week. However the repetition at this rate/rhythm of unchanged messages to the Telephone or in the street would open the right to a complaint for Harcèlement, offense recognized and sanctioned.

Public or private bodies are given the responsability to make comply with the rules (the situation depending on the countries). There exist thus bodies of certification (publicity for any public, for example), of the control committees (in the free countries, this control is exerted a posteriori not to take the form of a Censure), and the courts can be seized. This control is exerted on the bottom (not too much sex or of violence, for example) or on the form (clear distinction between what is posted as being publicity and the contents with vocation informative, ludic, or other). It can also exist regulations of certain media, which would not exist without publicity (billboards, in particular).

It also happens that the regulation is not applied and that the authorities of which it is the role do not show a great zeal to cure it. Also associations as Paysages of France seeks to limit the extension of publicity beyond what is allowed by the law, either by the lobbying near the authorities, or while passing directly in justice.

Critical of publicity as such

Movements (grouped under the term of Antipub, of which the famous Adbusters) regard publicity as harmful as a such , in addition to criticisms of contents which are inevitable.

publicity would distract with the direction pascalien, i.e. it would make lose sight of the fact of the more important things.

Hammering messages of minor importance, it unconsciously results in perceiving as minor the subjects which are not hammered (Kurt Vonnegut)

It would take part of a vicious economic system, setting up in social norm the consumption of goods useless, even dangerous, and of the behaviors compulsifs and sedentary vermin in general with its health physical and mental (which should be then taken charges some by new products or social services).

publicity would seek to handle the spirit of that which looks at it or listens to it. The draftsman of press Willem employs the expression “to colonize our brain”. This argument is particularly directed against the positioning campaigns of the marks, of which the goal is to engrave the name of a mark in the spirit of the consumer, rather than to describe qualities of the product. In fact, it is established that a Ménagère of less than 50 years can have three marks of detergent at the head only. It is necessary for a lessivier to belong to the three or to disappear.

publicity would contribute to reduce the importance of the readers for the media, whose essence even the totality of the incomes (tele or newspapers free) comes from publicity. The matter of Patrick Le Lay, P.D.G. of the French private channel TF1, will make date: My work is to sell time of brain available to Coca-Cola ( Leaders vis-a-vis the change , Editions of the eighth day, 2004).

publicity would give the advantage to the silent partner on the consumer: the consumer would passively receive skewed information (publicity), which can flatter its interests and its tastes, but which does it according to the interests of the silent partner, whereas thanks to surveys and market research (or by its experiment), the salesman holds information clear and objective on the behavior of the consumer, its desires, its selection criteria, etc No publicity will not pass a message citizen or even being able to be considered to be constraining, because it would lose in effectiveness. When children open a chocolate bar, one never sees them for example throwing paper in a dustbin of it. This attitude is transmitted in the behaviors of the life, often without the knowledge of the interested parties, since publicity sells a lifestyle indirectly.

In order to transmit their message antipub, these movements use traditional advertizing methods: use of stereotypes and slogans, posting, mobilization by Internet (“viral” publicity), matter and actions provocantes aiming at obtaining time media offered free by journalists to the search for sensational, etc It thus appears that their target is not publicity in the broad sense (the Propagande), they use without complex, but only publicity in a strict sense (commercial and free), which, a contrario, implies at least a tolerance for the propaganda noncommercial or controlled by an authority with their suitability. These movements recruit primarily with the extreme left.

It should be noted that these movements are followed with interest by the advertizing agencies themselves, always prompt to recover what makes it possible to convey a Image sling and of freedom. One thus saw appearing posters pre-covered with false graffiti antipub in order to request the attention.

The critic according to whom publicity causes little by little irrational modifications of the vision of the world sees opposing by them opposite criticism: to modify the vision spectator is also the normal ambition of all Art ist. But as he is very often repeated with the students in school of publicity, who sometimes forget it, publicity is not an art and the advertizing executive is not an artist.

Actions in France

Actions in a legal framework are carried out by groups like Résistance to the Advertizing Aggression, with the lobbying, or Paysages of France with law-suits, which aim at modifying the behaviors or the legislation. To limit the advertizing production of paper, the ministry for ecology thus published a sticker “No publicity PLEASE” for the letter-boxes.

Illegal actions, leading to continuations and lawsuits, also took place. It is mainly of the destruction of posters and the diversion of the advertisements, in the Métro with Paris with the manner of the members of the Internationale situationnist in the Années 1960). Such actions also took place in France with Marseilles, Montpellier, Grenoble, Lyon, Clermont-Ferrand and Toulouse, but also in Belgium.

Amateurs of publicities

The omnipresence of publicity in modern civilization aroused the interest of a public increasingly many. This attraction for the " Pubs worships " is due to several causes:

the Nostalgia caused by old publicities, one time old reflection (the amateurs of Réclame S former to the Années 1960 are known for a long time, but the phenomenon is observed from now on for more recent publicities, those of the Années 1980 in particular);
the participation of famous artists (Emir Kusturica, David Lynch, Blanca Li…) with the realization of publicities;
attraction for the Celebrity S of the Sport, the Spectacle, etc… which pose for publicities;
the Humor and the deliberated Provocation (or not) used in certain publicities (especially with the Television);
the erotism of certain publicities (Dawn serenade, Pirelli…); often décrié (as a Publisexisme), it keeps its admirors however (phenomenon to be brought closer to that of the Pin-up);
a sociological and cultural interest, to decipher the operation of publicities being appreciated the certain ones (in particular of their detractors);
interest for the ideas conveyed in the government agency campaigns, Association S and ONG which uses the techniques of publicity, even if they do not have a commercial goal;
the development of data processing and Internet makes it possible to store, and to put on line digitized publicities (which can be consulted and/or downloaded by all on specialized sites).

Television programs and periodicals (like " Culture Advertizing ") were also devoted to this information support; their success was notable at the end of the Années 1990 and at the beginning of the Années 2000.

The amateurs of publicities also meet in collective demonstrations (among which " the Night of Publivores ") during which publicities " cultes" or strange of all countries and all times are diffused.

Famous French-speaking advertizing executives

Thierry Ardisson, old Originator-writer, organizer of tele
Frederic Beigbeder, old Originator-writer, author of the novel 99 francs
Marcel Bleustein-Strainer founder of Publicis Groups
Jacques Bouchard, prince of Québécois publicity
Cassandre, poster artist French
Claude Cossette, founder of the greatest agency of Canada
Christophe Lambert, founder of agency FFL
Philippe Michel, founder of the agency CLM BBDO
Jacques Séguéla which designed the electoral campaigns of François Mitterrand
Raymond Savignac, poster artist French

Trades of publicity

Purchasing of art
Project manager
Chief of artistic publicity
Originator-writer
Director
Directing of creation
Directing of production
Documentation
strategic Media-sailplane
Sailplane
Production/Manufacture
Traffic

See too

AdBusters
Antipub
Office of checking of publicity
Giveaway
International Cannes Lions Advertizing advertizing Festival
Logo
Characters of publicity
Publicity on television French
Québécois Publicity
advertizing Publisexisme
Slogan
Advergame

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