The public health is defined by a report/ratio on the Institute of public health of the Quebec (1997) like the study on the one hand physical, psychosocial and sociocultural determinants of the Santé of the population and on the other hand actions in order to improve pubic health.

History

The public health in Europe initially raised of charitable works individuals or establishments and religious congregations. At the XVIIème century, the states started to frame it, and following the cholera epidemic which touched London in 1848, the United Kingdom created the first Ministère of the public health . A few decades later, following the Pandemia of Spanish Influenza of 1918, the company of the nation decided to create WHO. During the XXème century, the environment took an increasing importance, which resulted in the development of the ecotoxicology and the ecoepidemiology.

“New” and “old” public health

Such a definition makes from the start of the public health a multidisciplinary company complexes and centered on the application. This definition is in the paradigm of the “new public health”.
cience and practice of the public health, which underlines the role of the social systems, the multidisciplinary and trans-sectoral partnership, of the positive orientation of health, and not simply (as the “old public health”) a biological orientation where the stress would be laid on the prevention and control starting from a single profession.
La new public health rests on a better comprehension in the way in which the lifestyles and living conditions (whose sociological and environmental factors) determine health. The importance of other sectors apart from the sector of health and the need for mobilizing the political resources and supports are also stressed. The problems are defined in a more total context, leading to concerns more Environnement ales.
Comme with all that is labellisé “new”, this expression was introduced to mark a rebirth of the public health in contrast with a stereotyped tradition and an evolution. The expression will be perhaps soon obsolete (One speaks much today about Promotion of health, but the latter does not cover all the field occupied formerly by the public health: he would be necessary to add to it the prevention of the acccidents and the diseases, as well as the care). The Public health contains 6 current fields including 3 traditional. 3 traditional and current ones on the one hand:

• the public health

• the fight against the communicable diseases
• the concern of others: medical administration

In addition, the last 3 current fields:

• epidemiology

• sociology
• L" economy of health

See too

• Preventive medicine, plant health Prevention
• Risk,
• pandemic Risk,
• environmental Health,
• Food safety
• Health insurance
• Movements of patients

Summary bibliography

• Dominique Lecourt (to dir.), 2004: Dictionary of the medical thought , Paris, réed. PUF/Quadrige, 2004.
• Civil protection and Public health: directory of pages of the Gate of the risk-MR. Lesbats IUT Bordeaux 1 EPD HSE
• '' Santé: for a durable prevention policy '', annual report IGAS, 2003

External bonds

• National institute of public health of Quebec
• French company of Public health
• Data bank public health - Bdsp
• Directory of sites; base documentary and access to full text; bibliographies; base collections; base conferences; multilingual glossary; base job offers; thesaurus

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