Psychopathology

Psychopathology is the reasoned study of the mental disorders or psychological. This word is derived from the Greek roots Psukhê which means Esprit and pathos which means Maladie.

The psychopathology is the object of study of the Clinic psychology and of the Psychiatrie, she is taught in the universities or in private clinic. In France the structural vision developed by the current of Jean Bergeret (psychoanalyst) influenced and influences still the lesson, in particular in faculties of psychology. Anglo-Saxon and international classifications (DSM and CIM) on the other hand tend to circumscribe its field of study to the favor of a purely descriptive approach and not having etiologic aiming of the mental disorders which are then seen like diseases in a strict sense. In this approach of psychic operation stupid (without conscious or unconscious determination), the question is: have one or not an ad hoc treatment the psychotropic ones. Vis-a-vis this strong tendency, today, it is the approach of Rene Roussillon and coll, developed in the Handbook (2007) which constitutes the most modern synthesis and most relevant of knowledge on the matter. The symptom is seen there like one of the aspects of the mental health disorder determined by types of anguishes, defenses and object-relationships.

The question of normal and/or the pathological one

Daniel Widlöcher declares that to judge a control in terms of normality or anormality returns obligatorily to a normative judgment. However, the concept of standard refers to that of average. However, the latter is prone to guarantee. Georges Canguilhem proposes to him to substitute the concept of normalcy for that of standard and the concept of order to that of value. This author biologise the concept of standard and considers that is not with science to judge the normal one because it is before all the life which in fact a concept of value. One cannot either pose the problem of normality or the anormality without taking account of the social norms or individual. Psychopathology identifies three types of normality thus: normality like social norm, normality like ideal, normality like absence of disease. Canguilhem still proposes the concept of anomaly which would be defined as what is let see while being released from the unit smoothes and plain which surrounds it . It is observable. Psychopathology would be interested then more in the anomaly that with the anormality.

For Widlöcher what is the characteristic psychopathology is to seize these marked conduits which are the anomalies, to locate the genesis of it, to define the function of it and to specify the mechanism of it.

The following definition makes it possible to leave the dilemma - in certain connections sterile - question without end of the relativity of the standards:

psychopathology can be defined like an approach aiming at a reasoned comprehension of the psychic suffering. (Rene Roussillon and coll in the Handbook, 2007).

See too

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