Provost (Old Mode)

In France

In the old man French right, the word provost has several directions and applies to several types of function. Étymologiquement ( præpositus ), it applies to any person placed at the head of a branch of the Public service, a position which, according to the old principles, goes hand in hand with a right of jurisdiction.

As from the 11th century, the Capétiens withdraw the administration of the royal field to noble to entrust it to provosts, generally easy Roturier S, which have the right to perceive the incomes of the king in their conscription or Prévôté. This practice, beneficial for royal finances, involves serious abuses quickly and, as of the end of the 12th century, the provost is controlled by a Baillif says “itinerant”; then, at the 13th century, by a baillif and a Seneshal at fixed telephone.

The royal provost

The royal provosts exert the lowest function in the Hiérarchie of the royal Judges. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that the “judges subordinates” had various designations according to the area of France where they exerted their function. In Normandy and Burgundy, one called them lords of the manor , in the Southern, of the viguiers . Its jurisdiction extends to the royal field.

The provost seigneurial

He exerts the same function as the royal provost but its jurisdiction extends to the grounds seigneuriales, dependant on the Royaume of France.

The provost of the marshals

Under the Old Mode, the provost of the marshals , a known military police officer for his great severity, judges in last spring and without call the crimes and offenses made by the vagrants (often of the deserters) and people of war, and the cases provostal, crimes serious clerks on main road. The provost of the marshals of the Ile-de-France was specifically called provost of the Island ; its attributions were complementary to those of the provost of Paris .

The provost of the hotel or large provost of France

This officer of sword, of which the jurisdiction extends on the Louvre like on all the Maison from the king, judge in the first resort of the civil actions (the call was carried to the Grand the Council) and in last spring of the criminal causes and of police force which touch the Court.

The general provost or large provost of the currencies

The provost of the merchants

The provost of the merchants managed the corn measurers, the criers, the gauges and the taverniers. One became provost of the merchants as Fief by special gift of the king; the provost of the merchants charged the fees to pay for the delivery and the checking of measurements. Under the Old Mode, the function approaches that of a Maire. The Prévôt of the merchants of Paris is the chief of the Parisian municipality.

The provost of Paris

The provost of Paris is the royal officer placed at the head of the Châtelet. It is charged to represent the king in the city, Viscount and prévôté of Paris. As from the 16th century, the load of the provost is shared between the civil Lieutenant, the criminal Lieutenant and the lieutenant of police force. The load of provost of Paris remains however until in 1792.

In Fencing

The assistant of the Fencing master , substitute for the lessons with the pupils.

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