The Provisional government of the French Republic is the Institution of exit of the Second world war in France.

It succeeds the French Comité of the national Release (CFLN), political body resulting from the Résistance external and interior, which proclaims Provisional government of the French Republic (GPRF) the June 2nd 1944.

Presidencies of the Council successive

After the promulgation of the Constitution of the Fourth Republic the October 27th 1946 and until the whole of the bodies of this one are set up, i.e. until the election of Vincent Auriol with the presidency of the Republic the January 16th 1947, one enters during one transitional period generally attached to the Fourth Republic but where some of the provisional institutions remain.

End of the “bracket of Vichy”

The first act of the GPRF is to be opposed to the installation of a temporary American military administration, AMGOT.

This government, come from Algiers, assumes the reality of the capacity starting from the end of the summer 1944, following the Libération of France. Composed of communist, socialist and MRP, it declares null and not avenues all the decisions of the Régime of Vichy (ordinance of August 9th, 1944), which it regards as an illegal bracket in the operation of the State. In the refusal testifies to de Gaulle to proclaim the republic of the balcony of the town hall of Paris released, the August 25th. According to him “the republic forever ceased existing. The free France, fighting France, the French committee of the national release (CFLN) incorporated it in turn. ” the GPRF was recognized like such by the great powers (the United Kingdom, the United States, the USSR, Canada) only on October 23rd, 1944.

To restore the republican authority, the GPRF sends in each great released area a Commissaire of the Republic. These police chiefs run up sometimes against the local committees of resistance (CDL), which regimbent to yield a capacity acquired de facto following the release, in particular in the territories released by Resistance (South-western, Savoy,…). In addition the organizations resulting from resistance have armed groups being able to be used by the Communists in the possibility D `a revolution (FFI, COMAC, patriotic Milices). To avoid this danger and in spite of the unwillingness of CNR and the Communists, the GPRF endeavors to incorporate these troops in the regular army. The FFI integrate the French Army, always in war, on September 23rd, 1944, the patriotic Milices do it on October 28th.

First social measures

The provisional government takes again the project of 1937 of Jean Zay, and creates the National school of administration (May 9th, 1945) in order to ensure the future top-civils servant an effective, homogeneous and high level formation, like giving access of these functions the only deserving elements, independently of their social origin. It grants especially the right to vote with the women, who will go to the ballot boxes for the first time the April 29th 1945. It puts in place the Social security (ordinance of the October 19th 1945) and of the family benefits (law of August 22nd, 1946).

Purification

It continues the war and organizes the purification (lawsuit of Philippe Pétain in July 1945) while réfrénant some excesses. This legal purification makes following a purification impromptu , led to the Release, and sometimes exerted by the resistant ones of the last hour. This one had led to many summary executions and the shearing of the women suspected D `of having had connections with the enemy.

Thereafter led legal purification either by magistrates, who all practically had lent oath to Pétain, or by sworn High-Court, members of Parliament resulting from the Third Force opposed to Gaullistes and to the Communists, was going to lead to results of an extreme indulgence, leaving free men as Rene Bousquet which had, in agreement with the high-dignitary S Heydrich and with Himmler, intensified the action of the French police force against the resistant ones, or like Xavier Vallat, creator of the General police station to the Jewish questions, large director of the persecution of the Jews without defense and especially of their census which was going to facilitate their deportation by the enemy. On the whole purification would have touched approximately 10  000 French and his assessment are discussed; although certain political officials and intellectual collaborationnists were considered and condemned, about many collaborators of Industry, the police force, the gendarmerie, the administration and the magistrature were worried little.

Beginning of the decolonization

In August 1945, a conflict bursts in Indo-China between the government of the Minh Vietnamese soldier, who had taken the capacity with the favor of the Japanese capitulation and the French authorities.

France recognizes independence of Democratic republic of Vietnam, but refuses to include Cochinchine in new State, which causes a war which will only finish with regard to France much later, with the separation of the country between Vietnam of North and Vietnam of the South, in 1954.

The new constitution

One of the other main aims of the GPRF, under the crook of the de Gaulle general was to return the word to the people by organizing legislative elections and a referendum which took place the October 21st 1945. The elections see the victory of the 3 resistant parties (SFIO, PCF, MRP) which collect the ¾ voices and the referendum devotes, with 96  % of the voters, end of the Third Republic. The constituent assembly resulting from the elections is charged to found the Fourth Republic.

January 20th, 1946, Charles de Gaulle resigns, in dissension with the communist constitution project and ministers.

A first constitution project is rejected by referendum on May 5th, 1946. The project monocaméral becomes bicameral. A news constituent Assembly is elected on June 2nd and the Constitution of the Fourth Republic definitively is adopted by referendum on October 13rd 1946.

See too

• :Category: Provisional government of the French Republic

External bonds

• Vacancy of the presidential function of 1940 to 1947 on the official site of the Presidency

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