Provision

Countable definitions and stakes

Long-term provisions

The long-term provision is an element of the passive having a negative value as obligation of one entity with regard to a third of which it is certain that it will cause an exit of resource and whose the expiry and the amount are not fixed in a precise way . It makes it possible to put side part of the benefit by prudence. For reasons for example of legal requirements (asbestos), contractual or implicit.

It is for example:
Provisions for pensions and obligations similaires
Provisions for impôts

According to the international standards:
The provision must be made up before the closing date and not at the date of establishment of the comptes.
The provisions for large maintenance or great revisions are prohibited, because it is not possible to affirm that the company cannot withdraw from these travaux.
The provision is not a “contingent liability” (probable amount + potential obligation or current obligation + weak probability).

Tax regulated provisions

A tax regulated provision is a liability and a help of treasury of frankness from tax not corresponding neither to the risk, nor with a depreciation. It is a provisional exemption quasi-reserve in exceptional responsibility, i.e. unquestionable benefit not imposed on standby imposition. It is used to limit inflation, to encourage the participation… The tax regulated provisions must be cancelled according to standard IAS 37 and for the accountancy of the groups in general.

It is for example in France:
Provisions for investment (employee profit sharing).
Provisions for rise of the prix.
Depreciation dérogatoires.

Depreciation of the fixed assets

The Dépréciation S of the fixed assets are still called in France provisions for depreciation for the financial fixed assets. They mitigate the reduction in the value of an active . This reduction in value is neither fatal nor irreversible. It is a subtractive credit opposite the consecutive depreciated station of the principle of independence of the exercises.

Stakes

The observation of a provision must respect the accounting policies, but there remains a great margin of appreciation of the adequate amount. So it is possible - to a certain extent - to use it “to correct” the summaries in order to present them under one day more favorable to the interests of the moment of the company:

sometimes, by giving to the provisions a relatively weak amount, one will post a flattering result sometimes
, by inflating them, one will be able to blacken the table, to lower the amount of the benefit and thus taxes, and to make more advantageous the future comparison (for example one often says during the nomination of a new leader that it " passes the accounts to the straw of fer")

Sometimes this is why in the event of abuse, one speaks in connection with the observation about the provisions about creative Comptabilité.

Accounting

The provision is the Consequence of the principles of prudence and independence of the exercices.

Its recording:

The provision is not an entirely free resource. It must be available to the occurrence of the risk. It will then be noted a resumption of the provision.

Its recovery:

Information required to the third (in appendix)

According to the international standards, it is necessary to inform the thirds of the nature of the provisions found in the accounts. Thus to be complete one needs for the variation Bilan:

To establish the link of the accounting value to the opening and the fence of the exercise.
To give a description of nature of the obligation and the awaited expiry of the exits of resources representative of advantages économiques.
To indicate the amounts of awaited refundings, by indicating the amount of any credit which was entered for this refunding attendu.
To make an analysis of the degree of uncertainty associated with the amount or the expiry with the exits with ressources.

It will be the same for each category of “possible” liability and credit (see above).

Tax deductibility in France

the long-term provisions are deductible if the foreseeable losses or loads deductible by nature and clearly are specified, probable and not only possible and to result from events in progress to the end of the financial year. (the fines are nondeductible).
Article 38 of the cgi gives obligation to declare the provisions on the tables of tax declaration.
Provisions for severance pays with the retirement, deductible tax, of proper insurer and losses on transactions on foreign currency are not for example déductibles.
If the equipment is deductible from the taxable income, the recovery is taxable. No correction extra-accountant is with effectuer.

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