Proteome

The protéome is the whole of the Protéine S produced by a Génome (at the man surroundings 60.000) under conditions given, at a given moment. This term of Anglo-Saxon origin was invented in 1994 per Mark Wilkins of the Macquarie University of Sydney.

The protéome comes from the translation of the protein genome. This translation is dependant on the living conditions of the cells. The size and the complexity of the protéome are more important than that of the genome because a gene can code several proteins. This is due to modifications of the maturation of ARNm (intermediate molecules of the translation, between the genome and the protéome), but also to post-traductionnelles modifications of proteins like phosphorylations and the glycosylations.

The protéome is of dynamic nature: with the difference of the genome which remains constant (if account of the changes is not taken) in the cell S of a organization, the protéome varies according to the type of the cells, the activity of the cells or the environment of these cells. The study of the protéome opens a new field promising a better comprehension of the complexity of cellular operation starting from the proteinic expression in a context of globality. This new scientific discipline could develop thanks to the recent evolutions of technologies such as the two-dimensional electrophoresis which makes it possible to separate simultaneously from the thousands from polypeptides and the methods of microanalysis of proteins like the mass spectrometry. It opens today new fields of application in physiopathology.

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