The propagation by cutting is a mode of vegetative Multiplication of certain plants consisting in giving rise to a new individual (perfect clone of the seedling mother) starting from a body or of a fragment of isolated organ. The propagation by cutting is made by cellular Dédifférenciation on the level of the Méristème. The propagation by cutting can be natural or artificially caused (by the gardeners amateurs or in Pépinière).
Types of cuttings
There exist several types of cuttings:- the herbaceous cutting : is practiced on plants not often lignified at the end of the summer.
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the cutting on tender wood : is practiced on the branches of the year (still green) of the trees right at the time or they start to harden. The growths are appropriate for the propagation by cutting on wood to tend when they can be broken easily by folding them between the inch and the index and when they always have a gradation of size of sheet (the oldest sheets are ripe while the new sheets are still small). For the majority of the trees, this stage occurs in May, June, or July. To take care not to let dry the growths before replanting. They are enracinent generally quickly.
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the cutting semi-ripened : is practiced on growth of the year whose base is hard (ripened) and the tender point and still in growth (of mid-July with mid-September according to the species)
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the cutting ripened : is practiced on branches door frames at the end of the autumn, in winter or at the beginning of spring. Wood is hard and does not yield easily.
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the cutting with choked : it is practiced at any period but by putting the cutting under cloche (or locked up in a transparent plastic bag failing this) to preserve a water content close to 100%. To think of airing all the 2 to 3 days to avoid the problems of rotting. The technique of choked significantly improves the recovery of the cuttings by preventing that they are not drained.
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the cutting of sheet : is practiced with a sheet of " Coleus" " Begonia" that one positions face on the substrate and which one divides the principal Nervure S; one avoids sprinkling excessively to prevent the rot of the cutting.
When bouturer?
The period of cutting depends on the selected species of the type of cutting, and the desired use. For the majority, the cuttings are successful when they are practiced in period of growth of the plant.At the beginning of June is a good period for cuttings of leafy trees (maple, Orme, Azalée). To take growths of the year whose base starts to be ripened, to count 5 or 6 sheets starting from the base, to plunge the base in a hormone of propagation by cutting and to put them at choked in a mini greenhouse (made with a plastic bottle for example).
One can also bouturer at the end of the summer on ripened wood or certain leafy trees in autumn-winter.
For the Coniferous S, the period is rather fine autumn and during the winter out of cold frame.
How bouturer?
One selects a fragment of a young person Rameau woody or herbaceous from at least 10 to 15 cm length comprising at least 3 nodes (for certain species, one can even simply take a sheet or a piece of root) and one divides it (with quite clean shears and sharpened well) right under a node or with a heel. One cuts all the sheets of the branch except for 2 or 3 at the top to avoid a too great perspiration of the seedling which does not have any more roots to be hydrated. One then quickly plants the branch (to prevent that it is desiccated) by the cut side comprising a zone favorable to the emission of root S in a Substrat. This substrate can be ground, compost or even a simple container filled with water. Terra cotta pots will preferably be used and one will place the cuttings on the edges of the pot because, the walls storing and preserving heat, that supports the emission of roots.One places the whole in a luminous environment (but not in full sun), heat, wet and with the shelter of the wind. The cutting took if, after 3 to 4 weeks, one can note new growths on the level of the eyes.
To increase his chances of success, one can use a Hormone propagation by cutting, the Auxine, which stimulates the Rhizogenèse (appearance of roots on the stems and other bodies).
never not to leave the final bud of the branch so that, at the time of the departure in vegetation, it is the formation of the roots which is privileged and not that of the stem.
Easy species with bouturer
Certain species are bouturent more easily than others, such as for example:- the Saule is, without any doubt, the easiest species with bouturer. One can without problem bouturer a branch several centimetres in diameter. One calls it for this " use; bad the herbe" because it takes roots
- easily the olive-tree reproduces easily starting from end of stock.
- the Cactacées are also bouturent very easily starting from simple a " feuille".
- among the Fruit trees, the Fig tree S, the Currant bush S and the Vigne is known for bouturer easily
- others: Hysope
- the Cannabis
See too
Internal bond
External bonds
- the propagation by cutting in images
- Database of the propagation by cutting
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