Pronunciation of Turkish

In Turkish, each letter, with some exceptions, decides only in only one manner. The yumuşak Ge (see low) is the only dumb letter.

Table of equivalences

Notes and alternatives

There exist alternatives in the interpretation of the possible values Phonétique S.

¹) Or as has in leg , according to Zimmer and Orgun ( Handbook off the IPA , article “Turkish”, Cambridge University Press).

²) Or always opened, E , according to Berk and Bozdémir (introduction of the Dictionary Turk-French , Asiathèque, Dictionaries of Langues' O).

³) It is in fact a sound dorso-velar spirante in front of the vowels has , ı , O and U , whose friction is so weak that it merges with the preceding vowel. Between vowels, it tends to amuïr. This letter names, in Turkish, yumuşak Ge .

⁴) the /k/ phoneme is carried out in front of the vowels has , ı , O and U and palatalizes by owe the former vowels E , I , ö and U , which one can represent by ky (as in quietude ), but in a way much less supported.

⁵ ) The /l/ phoneme is carried out everywhere safe in front of E , I , ö and U , where it is palatalized in (kind of ly lighter).

⁶ ) Follow-up of has , /v/ can be carried out.

Vowel system

The vowel system includes/understands the eight phonemes which one can describe by three binary features: former/posterior, open/closed, round/stretched.

Table of the vowels (out of orange: stretched Vowel, in blue: round Vowel)

Orthography

a letter almost always corresponds to the same sound, whatever those which come before or afterwards. Cephe thus decides djép-He and not djè-Fe ; the double consonants are thus marked long;
the letters Q , X and W do not form part of the Turkish alphabet officially, although one finds them on the keyboards of computers;
the circumflex accent is used in certain names of Arab loan S or Persian S to note a long vowel: sükût is worth sükuut , âdî is read aadii . It however tends to disappear in the use; in this case, the orthography of the words of origin arabo-Persian can be ambiguous: kaza , for example, decides kazaa , while memur is worth meemur ;
a K or a L followed by a â tends to palatalize like front the vowels E , I , ö and U . It is the second role of the circumflex accent. In all the cases, one preserves it really only when it makes it possible to avoid homography S; to also consult Circumflex accent for more details;
the apostrophizes is used between the proper names and its suffixes: one will write İstanbul' da , “with Istanbul”, rather than İstanbulda . In some words of Arab origin, the Glottal stop (hamza, ء), which does not belong to the Turkish phonological system, is noted by the apostrophe: Kur' year, “Coran”. That can also be the case for the letter' ayn (ع): cami' I , “mosque” (with the Accusative ). As for the circumflexe one, these uses are fluctuating and are currently followed only to avoid homographies.

Turkish;
vocalic Harmony.

External bonds

One developing new text audio and will corpora and speech recognition tools for the turkish language, table 1

audio Examples of pronunciation, within the framework of Turk course in line

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