The Project of Anatolia of South-east (in Turkish: Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi = GAP ) is a project of installation of south-east Anatolia N carried out by the Turkish government. It primarily consists in irrigating 1,7 million hectares of arid grounds starting from 22 principal Barrage S built on the basins slopes of the Tigre and the Euphrate. In parallel, 19 hydroelectric factories will make it possible to provide 7476 MW.
This project should reduce by 22 km ³ the flow of the Fleuve S Tigre and Euphrate. The division of water of these two rivers is a source of conflict between the Turkey, the Syria and the Iraq.
Geographical extent
GAP covers eight provinces of the South-east of the Anatolia (Adıyaman, Batman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Siirt, Şanlıurfa, Mardin, and Şırnak).
Economic development
Irrigation
GAP should double irrigated agricultural surfaces of the Turkey. The increase in the agricultural activity of GAP is shown by the charts above. The production of Coton already passed from 150,000 to 400,000 tons, making to area the first producer of the country.
GAP will create 1,7 million Hectare S of grounds irrigated in the plain of Harran.
The reports/ratios indicate that the irrigation resulting from the Barrage Atatürk has triplet the outputs of harvests of Coton, of Blé, Orge, Lentilles, and other cereals. A certain number of initiatives supported by the ministry for agriculture encourage farmers to try out new varieties of fruit and vegetables which did not push in the area before.
The average revenue would thus have triplet in the eight last years.
Fishing
GAP builds itself in an area where water is rare. The great number of lakes created made it possible to develop an activity of fishing.
Energy
The 19 hydroelectric factories should provide 22% of estimated Turkish consumption in 2010. The table below presents the share of GAP in the hydroelectric production of the Turkey like in the production of total electrical energy.
Principal works
(complete Article: List of the hydraulic works of GAP)
General sight of the hydraulic works
The plan below watch the site of the principal hydraulic works of the high basin Tiger - Euphrate.
Stoppings under operation
Tunnels
Tunnels of Şanlıurfa (or Urfa)
Two Tunnel S of 26,4 kilometers each one convoient 328 m ³ stoppings towards the plains of Şanlıurfa, Ceylanpınar and Mardin. The hydroelectric factory of Şanlıurfa also produces 124 GWh per annum.
Projects of stoppings
Dam Ilısu
Project of stopping on the Tiger having to contain 10 400 hm ³ and to produce 1 200 MW. This project is particularly disputed by the Kurdish for various reasons:
- destruction of the historical heritage (in particular the town of Hasankeyf),
- the displacement of more than 70 000 people mainly Kurdish (figure to be checked),
- the control of the flow of the Tiger can allow assoiffer the Iraq and in particular the Kurds of North.
Strategic goals
Historically, the Anatolia of South-east is a point of passage of the Route of the Indies before the skirting of the Africa by the Portuguese. Very rich culturally, the area declined since. One of the official goals of the project is to revalorize the economic life, social and cultural of the area.
Populated Kurdish S, this area is also a zone of interior conflict where the Party of the Kurdish workers (PKK) is very present. This population is generally poorer than the Turkish population of 47% (yes but quad one does not pay taxes, electricity nor water, made Ca of the expenses in less). The improvement of the economic conditions should reduce the separatist wills and also improve control of the area by the modifications of the structures of communications. The populations in contact with the Kurd regions of Iraq will be moved besides by the construction of the Barrage of Ilısu. The project envisages the creation of 3,5 million employment.
The construction of the stoppings also makes it possible to control water very finely running out downstream towards the Syria and the Iraq. The relations with these two countries besides were degraded considerably since the launching of the project.
Photographs
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